Revolt Of The Northern Earls

Question 1

Why the revolt was wanted

Answer 1

Some earls and their followers wanted catholocism restored. Many of them had lost power since Elizabeth became queen because she had put protestants in important positions. Elizabeth had no heir and wouldn’t marry, which created uncertainty and some wanted Mary in power

Question 2

Plan for the revolt

Answer 2

• Northumberland and Westmorland raise armies and take Durham.
• march south towards London to join with Norfolk
• Spanish land in Hartlepool and support
• Norfolk and rebels take London and overthrow Elizabeth
• Mary freed to take throne and marry Norfolk.

Question 3

1.Elizabeth discovers plan

Answer 3

Elizabeth finds out about the plan and arrests Norfolk on 1 November 1569

Question 4

2.Taking Durham

Answer 4

Northumberland and Westmorland take Durham, enter Cathedral and destroyed all evidence of protestantism and held mass. ArchBishop James pilkington fled south. Mass held throughout North-East England over the next fortnight.

Question 5

3. Rebels turn South

Answer 5

They turn South and Mary is moved to Coventry so she couldn’t escape.
The rebellion failed: spanish support never arrived, Elizabeth raised an army of 14,000. They expected other nobles to join them but they fought against them instead.

Question 6

Consequences of revolt of the Northern Earls

Answer 6

• Approxamaitley 450 rebels executed to spread fear
• westmorland escaped, northumberland captured and executed in york in 1572
• privy council wanted norfolk executed but elizabeth released him
• 1570 Papal Bull: excommunicated Elizabeth and encouraged catholics to depose her

Question 7

Significance of revolt of the northern earls

Answer 7

• first serious Catholic rebellion
• harsher treason laws introduced
• ended power and influence of the percy and neville families in northern england
• 1572: new protestant earl of Huntingdon sent to lead council of north where he supressed and created laws against catholocism
• english catholic loyalty to religious settlement in doubt

Question 8

Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland

Answer 8

Catholic. Had important position in court under Mary I but lost lots of influence under Elizabeth. Lost the rights to a copper mine on his lands to the Queen in 1567

Question 9

Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland

Answer 9

Duke of Norfolk’s brother in law, from an important catholic family.

Question 10

Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk

Answer 10

A protestant senior nobel but had links to old catholic families. He disliked newly appointed William Cecil and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.