Early Problems

Question 1

Debt

Answer 1

She inherited lots of debt so she had to work with parliment to defend the throne

Question 2

France

Answer 2

France was wealthier, had a higher population, was catholic and allies with scotland. Mary Queen of scots was half French

Question 3

Scotland

Answer 3

Independent, enemy of England. England’s border with Scotland was remote and hard to defend, It saw constant fighting and French troops were stationed there.

Question 4

Mary Queen of Scots

Answer 4

Scottish monarch with a strong claim to the English throne (Elizabeth’s secomd cousin)

Question 5

Spain

Answer 5

Leading Catholic power in Europe which was no longer at war with France so they could’ve united against (protestant) England

Question 6

The reformation

Answer 6

(1517) people believed that the catholic Church was corrupt and broke away from Rome to create their own. In 1532, Henry VIII created the Church of England and England became protestant.

Question 7

Religious settlement

Answer 7

1559- England had a clear protestant-catholic divide and Elizabeth wanted law on religion to satisfy as many people as possible. It included the act of supremacy, the act of uniformity and royal injunctions. Some of the conditions in the settlement can be interpreted different by protestants and catholics: for example, catholics see it as taking body and blood while for protestants it is just an act of rememberance.

Question 8

Act of supremacy

Answer 8

Elizabeth to be supreme governor of the Church Of England. Clergy had to take an oath of supremacy.

Question 9

Act of uniformity

Answer 9

Established how Churches would be run. It allowed images in Churches, Priests could wear special clothing, all parishes would have an english bible and the same prayer book.

Question 10

Religious settlement successes

Answer 10

8000 priests took oath of supremacy, new protestant bishops, majority of ordinary people accepted it, most places it was very popular

Question 11

Failures of religious settlement

Answer 11

2000 priests didn’t take oath, only 1 bishop took oath, places where people were mainly catholic were slow to accept changes, some violent enthusiasm from protestants in london, many catholics had services at home.

Question 12

Recusants

Answer 12

Catholics who wouldn’t comply with the religious settlement. Elizabeth didn’t want to force them into going to mass.

Question 13

Visitations

Answer 13

Inspections of churches, clergy, teachers, midwives, surgeons and physicians: made sure they had a licences for their jobs and enforce the religious settlement- checked if the oath of supremacy was taken.

Question 14

Puritan reaction to settlement

Answer 14

Had hoped the reforms would be more protestant. Puritan members of the clergy broke some of it’s terms.

Question 15

Crucifix controversy

Answer 15

Puritans didn’t like having crucifixes in churches as it was seen by them as an idol. Elizabeth wanted every church to have one however some Bishops threatened to resign so she backed down.

Question 16

Vestment controversy

Answer 16

Puritans against ellaborate clothing for preists- it sets them apart from everyone else- but in catholocism the robes were special.
1565 it became clear that not all priests were wearing the special vestements which the queen wanted them to.
1566 archbishop of canterbury held exhibition in london on what preists could and couldn’t wear
37 out of 110 refused and lost their posts.

Question 17

Challenges to the settlement from france

Answer 17

French religious war in 1562 which worried elizabeth that a similar conflict would happen in England. During this war elizabeth helped french protestants in exchange for calais but in 1564 she signs the treaty of Troyes giving it back to france.

Question 18

Challenges to religious settlement from Spain

Answer 18

Phillip II had previously been married to MaryI. Elizabeth’s support for protestant rebles and refusal to marry him had soured relations. In 1563, Phillip bans the import of English cloth to the Netherlands and it was possible Spain and France could form an alliance against her.

Question 19

Counter reformation

Answer 19

Catholic Church wanted to stop the spread and wage war against protestantism. The papacy didn’t offer leadership to English catholics but instructed them not to attend mass. Elizabeth didn’t want to create catholic martyrs so she didn’t punish them severely.

Question 20

St Bartholomew’s day massacre

Answer 20

1572. Chain of assassinations against the Huguenits (French protestants) when they had gathered for a wedding in Paris. King Charles IX ordered killing of Gaspard de Coligny and other huguenot leaders during religious war. Slaughter spread out of Paris and into other cities with deaths of at least 5000. Elizabeth’s ambassador to France had to flee.