Revision Topic Sheet 6b: The First Crusade Part II Flashcards
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Why did Godfrey of Bouillon refuse the title of King of Jerusalem/Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre?
After Raymond of St Gilles refused the title of Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre, Godfrey of Bouillon was elected. However, he stated that he did not want to wear a crown of gold in the same holy city where Jesus had worn a crown of thorns, symbolising the effect that religion had during this time.
What happened to the Crusaders after the success of the First Crusade?
After completing the Crusade vow and succeeding in the capture of Jerusalem, all but approximately 500 knights and 1000 foot-soldiers left the Crusader Kingdom to preserve itself with a severe decrease in manpower. Godfrey’s successor Baldwin asked Pope Paschal II for help in July 1100 as a result of this.
What was Pope Paschall II’s response to Baldwin’s request for help?
He organised a new crusade while excommunicating those who had not fulfilled their vow or had left the second wave of the crusade early like Stephen of Blois. The four main groups in the new second wave of the crusade were the Lombards, Provencals, French and Germans.
What did the Lombard army do after arriving in Constantinople in March 1101?
They were moved on to Asia Minor by Alexios due to their rioting, which led to them deciding to rescue Bohemond from his capture at Niksar by Danishmend rather than march onto Jerusalem.
What happened in July 1101?
The Lombards were intercepted by a Turkish coalition army of Malik-Ghazi of Sebastia, Ridwan of Aleppo and Kraja of Harran which ended with the Christians being massacred over a 3 day battle where mainly the Crusade leaders escaped.
What happened to the main French army?
Under the leadership of William of Nevers they decided not to join up with William IX of Acquitaine to try and overtake the Lombards but had their water supply destroyed by the Turks when they decided to turn south to follow the second wave route, which led to their eventual defeat at Herclea in August 1101 by Kilij Arslan.
What happened to the final armies?
The final armies under William IX of Acquitaine and Weif IV of Bavaria left in March 1101 but had their food and water supplies destroyed by Kilij Arslan when they also decided the follow the second wave route, leading to their defeat at Eregli in September 1101.
What historian can be used to evidence why the Crusade of 1101 failed?
J. Richard highlighted the poor co-ordination of forces and the greater preparation of the Turks for why the 1101 Crusade failed.
What effect of the First Crusade did Johnathan Riley-Smith highlight?
That the First Crusade was a divinely inspired enterprise that took into account the difficulties of the Crusaders.
What was the other outcome of the First Crusade?
Changed the nature of the Crusading movement to one of consolidation with the four principalities of the Latin East: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa.
