Revision Topic Sheet 12: Templar Foundation

Question 1

How did the idea of the Templars begin?

Answer 1

The Crusader control of the port of Jaffa was never enough to sufficiently protect the pilgrims passing through as the Kingdom of Jerusalem only had enough knights to protect its main population. This then led to the Templars being founded to protect the pilgrim roads.

Question 2

Why did Hugh de Payns want to start the Templars?

Answer 2

He had taken the monastic vow of poverty, chastity and obedience in 1118, and after 300 pilgrims were massacred in 1119 he enlisted a group of knights to protect the pilgrims.

Question 3

What impact did the Templars have?

Answer 3

Michael the Syrian wrote that the Templars were significant for their years of service to Jerusalem and their willingness to take holy orders. Their impact is also shown by their support from Baldwin II, who provided them with a base within the Temple of Solomon.

Question 4

How were the Templars influenced by the Cistercians?

Answer 4

The Templars followed the Cistercians and their approach to Christianity based on ascetism, where indulgences such as wealth were given up and prayer and manual labour were enforced. They also followed their strict adherence to Christianity through their 7 daily services:

1. Matins
2. Prime
3. Terce
4. Sext
5. Nones
6. Vespers
7. Compline

Question 5

What was the punishment for breaking a rule in the Knights Templar order?

Answer 5

Even minor sins could result in expulsion from the order, with the worst offences being simony, murder, theft and heresy.