Revision Topic Sheet 2: Muslim Expansion Flashcards
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Who was Mohammed?
The person who first spread the message of Islam in 622, uniting the Arabian tribes which then led to large Arab expansion by 717.
How did the Muslim divisions start?
Mohammed’s death in 632 caused controversy over who his successor should be.
How did the Muslim divisions differ?
The Sunnis wanted Muslim leader Abu Bakr as Mohammed’s successor, while the Shi’ite wanted Mohammed’s cousin and brother-in-law Ali has his successor.
Who were the Abbasids and Fatimids?
The Abbasids were Sunnis who replaced the current Omayyad Caliphate and moved the capital city from Damascus to Baghdad in 750 but struggled to keep the Islamic Empire united. The Fatimids were a Shi’ite Caliphate in Egypt established in 969 who led a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate.
Why is the Abbasid-Fatimid feud significant?
Their conflict was mainly focused in Palestine and Syria, the region containing the Holy Lands.
Who were the Turcoman tribes?
Tribes from Asia under the leadership of the Seljuks which were focused on expansion as the Abbasid Caliphate began to decline around this time.
Who was Alp-Arslan?
A leader from who prevented an alliance between the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimid Caliphate in Syria by making a conquest into Armenia.
What happened at the 1071 Battle of Manzikert?
Byzantine leader Romanus Diogenes was defeated by the Seljuks and ended up losing a large portion of land.
What happened following the Battle of Manzikert?
Seljuk leader Sulaiman and his son Kilij Arslan established the sultanate of Rum in the area of Anatolia while Alp Arslan and his son Malik Shah (1072-1092) ruled over the Great Seljuk Sultanate which covered Syria, Iraq and Iran.
What event led to the disintegration of Seljuk unity?
The death of Malik Shah in 1092.
