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Psychobiology > Revision: Term 1, First Year > Flashcards

Revision: Term 1, First Year Flashcards

1
Q

Right visual field

A

Sperry’s split brain
Reports words (reading) (RVFA for words)
Projects to left hemisphere

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2
Q

Global aphasia

A

Impaired speech production and comprehension

Damage to Broca and Wernicke’s areas

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3
Q

Amygdala

A

Limbic system structure

Involved in emotionally charged memory encoding

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4
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Mostly given over to visual cortex

Receives input from pathways arising from visual receptors of eye

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5
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Aka: Fraternal twins
Develop fro two different eggs
Genetically different

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6
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Synaptic neurotransmitter
Lowers levels associated with depression
Involved in regulation of sleep
Released from adrenal medulla as part of peripheral arousal response

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7
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Inability to recall previously learned material

Ex: Clive Wearing

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8
Q

Immune system

A

Natural immunity - macrophages in blood stream

Specific immunity - cellular and humoral

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9
Q

Axon

A

Elongated process conducting nerve impulses away from soma

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10
Q

Reticular formation

A

Found in brainstem (medulla and pons and extends up into midbrain)
Involved in regulateing arousal and sleep
Millions of interlinked short-axon neurons
Functions to regulate arousal level of the cortex

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11
Q

HM

A

Temporal lobe amnesia
Anterograde amnesia with patchy retrograde
Tested using serial position curve: showed no primacy effect, but a recency effect

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12
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Concentrated in the Diencephalon (dorsomedial thalamus)

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13
Q

Sperry’s split brain

A

Based on the fact that the left visual field projects to right hemisphere

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14
Q

Magnocellular pathway from the thalamus to visual cortex carries:

A

Information about movement

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15
Q

Concordance rate

A

Probability of an individual developing the disorder if they are the monozygotic twin of someone with the disorder

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16
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

In stress-related arousal, releases corticosterone

Part of adrenal gland under hormonal control

17
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

Cannot repeat words spoken to them (“Shadowing” experiments)

Caused by damage to arcuate fasiculus

18
Q

Broca’s area

A

In the frontal lobe

Patient, Tan: production aphasia (motor/expressive)

19
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Found in precentral gyrus (of frontal lobe)

20
Q

Phineas Gage

A

Damage to frontal lobe

Suffered changes to personality after damage

21
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

In frontal lobe
Important for processing sensory input from the body senses
Houses the somatosensory cortex

22
Q

Hippocampus in rats

A

Important in spatial memory (navigation)

23
Q

Left hemisphere functions

A

Analytical and sequential processor

Temporally-coded stimuli

24
Q

Right hemisphere functions

A

Parallel and gestalt processor

Spatially-coded stimuli

25
Q

Optic chiasma

A

Point at which half the pathways from the left eye cross over to the right side of the brain and half the pathways from the right eye cross over to the left side

26
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Reading and writing

27
Q

Dorsal stream of the visual system

A

Location in space

28
Q

Pituitary gland

A

In stress-related arousal, releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone

29
Q

Chronic stress causes:

A

Downregulation of both natural immunity and specific immunity

30
Q

Wernicke’s area

A 
Located in temporal lobe
Receptive aphasia (lack of comprehension)
31
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

General body senses are processed in somatosensory cortex here

32
Q

Clive Wearing

A

Severe anterograde and regrograde amnesia

33
Q

Orientation columns

A

Found in visual cortex

34
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Contains auditory cortex and association areas

Temporal lobe amnesia is mainly an anterograde amnesia (i.e. H.M.)

35
Q

Dopamine

A

DA
Synaptic neurotransmitter
Decreased DA activity is associated with Parkinson’s diseases
Increased DA activity is associated with schizophrenia

36
Q

Ventral stream

A

What is this?!

37
Q

Pure word blindness

A

Alexia with agraphia

38
Q

fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
Relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled

Psychobiology (6 decks)

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