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Psychobiology > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathways

A

Clustering of neuronal bodies, travel together through brain, then make own synapses

I.e. Nigro-striatal pathway

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2
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between neurons

Physical barrier for nerve impulses

Where chemical transmission occurs

Filters info

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4
Q

Brain’s coding techniques

A

Electrical abs chemical conduction

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5
Q

Serotonin

A

5HT

Pleasurable outcome

Antidepressants

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6
Q

Acetylcholine

A

ACH

Dimentia

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7
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical housed in vesicle

20-30

Each is associated with discus ousted receptor (lock and key)

Serotonin, dopamine, GABA, noradrenaline

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8
Q

Vesicles

A

Found in pre-synaptic neuron

Contains neurotransmitter

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

System of nerves outside CNS

sends control to glands and smooth muscles of internal organs and blood vessels

2 parts

  1. Sympathetic branch
    - tends to rev up bodily activities in prep for vigorous action
  2. Parasympathetic branch
    - tends to restore body’s internal activities to normal after action complete
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10
Q

Motor output

A

Brain’s connections to muscles

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11
Q

Fight or flight

A

Intense sympathetic arousal serves as an emergency reaction that mobilizes organism for crisis

Today, chronic stressors keep us physiologically armed for situations we can’t control

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12
Q

Localization of function

A

Tasks of identifying the time of each brain area

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13
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of capillaries that squeezes blood away from cold periphery into warmer core

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14
Q

Contralateral control

A

Stimulating left hemisphere -> movements on right side of body

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15
Q

Developmental disorders

A

Problems observed in course of apparently normal development

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16
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Part of nervous system that consists of nerves and ganglia (outside of brain and spinal cord)

17
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Convert external stimulus into patterns of nerve impulses

18
Q

Excitatory or inhibitory

A

Depending on which is more powerful (algebraic summation), post-synaptic potential will either be excitatory or inhibitory

On dendritic membrane

19
Q

Neuron

A

Stores and releases same neurotransmitter at all of its axon terminals

Nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses (in form of action potential or nerve impulses)

20
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Genes consist of DNA

Exact structure of it controls production of other molecules ;proteins and enzymes) that serve as building blocks and regulators of every structure and process in the body
-genes=stored in chromosomes in cells’ nucleus

21
Q

Ganglia

A

Neurons clumped together

Relay messages from sense organs to muscles (usually located near muscles they control)

22
Q

Primary sensory projection areas

A

Receiving stations for information arriving from eyes, ears, and other sense organs

23
Q

Primary motor projection areas

A

Departure point for signals that enter the lower parts of brain and spinal cord
-ultimately resulting in muscle movement

24
Q

Infarcts

A

Areas of dead and dying neurons

25
Q

Commissures

A

Pathways running across brain, interconnecting two sides

26
Q

Hemisphere asymmetry of function

A

Our two hemispheres are not equivalent in regard to control of cognitive function

-as opposed to symmetry of hemisphere organisation for sensory and motor processes

27
Q

Opiate neurotransmitters

A

Endogenous (naturally-occurring)

Endorphins and enkephalins

28
Q

Inhibitory

A

Stabilises membrane

GABA is a main neurotransmitter that does this

29
Q

Dopamine

A

DA

reward pathways

30
Q

Nerve impulses

A

Electrical impulse stimulates vesicle to love to pre-synaptic terminal and then to the membrane

Vesicles rupture on membrane wall, release contents into synapse (chemical transmission), then diffuse to post-synaptic terminal (neuron)

Neurotransmitter + receptor

Psychobiology (6 decks)

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