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SS&OFMP > Revision Session Questions > Flashcards

Revision Session Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs are antimuscarinics

A

tropic amide , cycloplegia and atropine

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2
Q

what is the slowest acting anti-muscarinic

A

atropine is the slowest acting

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3
Q

what is the fastest acting anti-muscarinic

A

slowest acting is atropine ,fastest is tropicamide

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4
Q

what anti- muscariic is the fastest acting

A

fastest acting antimuscarninic is tropicamide

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5
Q

what anti-muscarinic gives the greatest depth of cycloplegia

A

atropine gives the greatest depth of cycloplegia

tropic amide gives the least depth of cycloplegia

cyclopentelate wears off 24hrs , and gives an adequate level of cycloplegia

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6
Q

what are the side effects of cycloplegia

A

change in behviour, cns disturbances

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7
Q

before dilating what must you check

A

pupil reactions , angle closure

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8
Q

what patients are at biggest risk and need to be considered when dilating a patient

A

females

hyperopic

East Asian

those who haven’t had their cataracts removed

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9
Q

what are types of local anesthetics

A

proxymetacaine , tetracaine , lidocaine , oxybu[orcaine

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10
Q

if someone had a reaction to proxymetacaine which local anesthetic would you give

A

lidocaine because it has a ester linkage

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11
Q

how long before a patient can rub their eyes after having local anaesthetic

A

between 1 and 2 hours

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12
Q

how do local anesthetics work

A

prevent the ions which lead to depolarisation and transmission of the nerve impulse

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13
Q

what procedures are local anesthetics used for

A

applanntion tonometry

gonioscopy

intrivirteous injections

removing foreign bodies

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14
Q

what are the two types of antimicrobials

A

chloramphenicol and fusidic acid

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15
Q

what is the first line of treatment

A

chloramphenicol - because it is cheap

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16
Q

what are the problems with using antimicrobials

A

antimicrobial resistance

17
Q

who can’t use chlormaphenicol

A

pregnant women

babies under 1

breast feeding women

people with an allergy to it

people with blood dycrasias

18
Q

which two drugs require refrigeration

A

proxymetacaine and oxybuporcaine require refrigerated storage between 2 and 8 degrees

others are stored at room tempreture

19
Q

what type of drug is phenelpherine

A

= a adrenergic agonist (sympathomememtic)

20
Q

what is phenny used for

A

used for mydriasis and dosnt result in cycloplegia - dosnt effect accomodation ,

21
Q

contraindications for phenelephrine include

A

contraindications include those with heart conditions e.g. arythmias , Brady and tacky cardias and systemic high blood pressure as they take beta blockers and phenylephrine competes with that - phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor

22
Q

what is sodium cromoglygate

A

mast cell stabiliser

used for dry eye

23
Q

what are the signs of dry eye

A

gritty , watery eyes

24
Q

what is a general rule for discerning weather it is evaporative dry eye or aqueous dry eye

A

worse in the morning= evaporative

worse in the evening = aqueous

evaporative is associated with meibomian glandf dysfunction , lid massage and hygiene should eliminate blepharitis and hot compress

25
Q

what is aqueous associated with

A

shorten syndrome , dosnt produce lacrimal secretions

26
Q

what are the types of tear film preparations

A

more severe dry eye

more viscous - however reduces va

27
Q

what is an alternative for eye drops that can be used

A

punctual plugs can be used - prevent drainage route, but can lead to epiphora - watery eyes

28
Q

what are the three types of presentation of red eye

A

allergic, viral, bacterial

29
Q

if a patient has iritis what do you do

A

refer to opthalmologists to prescribe steroids - they also need cyclopentelate

30
Q

what is the management for scleritis

A

associated with rheumatoid arthritis - differentiate from episcelritis

31
Q

what conditions need an urgent referral

A

close angle glaucoma

enopthalmitis - need immediate referral

32
Q

how to differentiate between bacterial, viral and allergic conjuctivitis

A

bacterial has pus discharge

allergic has raised papillae

viral is more associated with a follicular response

these are not pathongnomic signs

33
Q
A

SS&OFMP (11 decks)

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