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Physical Sciences > Revision of Matter and Classification (Definitions) > Flashcards

Revision of Matter and Classification (Definitions) Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

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2
Q

Definition of Substance

A

A form of matter that has a constant composition and distinct properties.

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3
Q

Definition of Mixture. Include an example.

A

Matter consisting of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together to each other.
Example - sugar dissolved in water, air is a mixture of gases

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4
Q

Definition of Pure Substance.

A

A substance consisting of only one form of matter with constant chemical composition.

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5
Q

Definition of Homogeneous mixture

A

A mixture that is uniform, where the different components of the mixture cannot be seen.

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6
Q

Definition of Heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture that consists of two or more substances and is non-uniform, the different components of the mixture can be seen.

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7
Q

Definition of Suspension

A

A heterogeneous mixture containing a solid mixed with a liquid.
The solid doesn’t dissolve and can be separated from the liquid by filtration.

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8
Q

Definition of Miscible

A

Two liquids that mix completely are miscible. They form a homogeneous solution.

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9
Q

Definition of Immiscible

A

Liquids that do not mix are immiscible.

They form a heterogeneous mixture. They can be separated using a separating funnel.

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10
Q

Definition of Emulsion

A

When two immiscible liquids are shaken an emulsion forms. The solute breaks into small droplets and the milky-looking liquid that forms is an emulsion.

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11
Q

Definition of Chromatography

A

Process of separating substances into their individual components.

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12
Q

Definition of Element

A

A pure substance with only one kind of atom that cannot be broken down, divided or changed through chemical means.

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13
Q

Definition of Chemical Symbols

A

One or two letters used to represent the atom in chemical formulae.

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14
Q

Definition of Compound

A

A pure substance made up of two or more different elements that joined together in a fixed ratio.

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15
Q

Definition of Electrolysis

A

A process of using a direct current to cause a chemical reaction to take place.

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16
Q

Definition of Noble Gases

A

Gaseous elements that consist of only single atoms (monatomic).

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17
Q

Definition of Diatomic

A

Containing two atoms.

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18
Q

Definition of Diatomic molecules

A

Molecules composed of only two atoms of the same or different chemical elements.

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19
Q

Definition of Ion

A

An atom that has lost or gained electrons.

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20
Q

Definition of Monatomic

A

Consists of one atom.

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21
Q

Another name for Ionic charge

A

Valency

22
Q

Definition of Cation

A

A positively charged ion, because it lost/donated electron/s.

23
Q

Definition of Anion

A

A negatively charged ion, because it gained/accepted electron/s.

24
Q

Definition of Malleable

A

Able to be shaped by hammering or rolling.

25
Q

Definition of Ductile

A

Can be stretched and made.

26
Q

Definition of Metalloid

A

Element that has metallic and non-metallic properties.

27
Q

Definition of Electrical Conductor

A

Materials that can transmit an electric current.

28
Q

Definition of Electrical Insulators

A

Materials that do not conduct electricity.

29
Q

Definition of Thermal Conductors

A

Allows heat energy to pass efficiently through them.

30
Q

Definition of Thermal Insulators

A

Does not allow heat energy to pass easily through them

31
Q

Definition of Electromagnets

A

Magnets produced by passing an electric current through a wire which is usually coiled around an iron core.

32
Q

Definition of Diffusion

A

The spread of particles in a fluid from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

33
Q

Definition of Solid

A

The state in which matter keeps a fixed volume and shape.

34
Q

Definition of Liquid

A

The state in which matter keeps a fixed volume but because of gravity it takes the shape of the container it is in.

35
Q

Definition of Gaseous

A

The state when a substance spontaneously distributes itself and uniformly fills the whole volume of the container.

36
Q

Definition of Brownian method

A

The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas, caused by collisions with molecules of surrounding medium (liquid or gas).

37
Q

Definition of Macroscopic

A

Big or bulk properties that are visible and measurable

38
Q

Definition of Microscopic

A

So small as to be visible only with a microscope.

39
Q

Definition of Kinetic molecular theory

A

It explains observed changes of state in terms of the position and speed of particles.

40
Q

Definition of Melting Point

A

The temperature at which a solid changes its phase or state to become a liquid.

41
Q

Definition of Freezing Point

A

The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to become a solid.

42
Q

Definition of Boiling Point

A

The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to become a gas.

43
Q

Definition of Melting

A

The process of a solid changing its phase into a liquid.

44
Q

Definition of Freezing

A

The process of a liquid changing its phase into a solid.

45
Q

Definition of Evaporation

A

The process of a liquid changing its phase into a gas.

46
Q

Definition of Condensation

A

The process of a gas changing its phase into a liquid.

47
Q

Definition of Sublimation

A

The process of a solid changing its phase into a gas.

48
Q

Definition of Deposition

A

The process of a gas changing its phase into a solid.

49
Q

Definition of Phase Transition

A

When matter changes from one state to another.

50
Q

Definition of Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles that make up a material.

Physical Sciences (12 decks)

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