Revision of Matter and Classification (Definitions) Flashcards
Definition of Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Definition of Substance
A form of matter that has a constant composition and distinct properties.
Definition of Mixture. Include an example.
Matter consisting of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together to each other.
Example - sugar dissolved in water, air is a mixture of gases
Definition of Pure Substance.
A substance consisting of only one form of matter with constant chemical composition.
Definition of Homogeneous mixture
A mixture that is uniform, where the different components of the mixture cannot be seen.
Definition of Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that consists of two or more substances and is non-uniform, the different components of the mixture can be seen.
Definition of Suspension
A heterogeneous mixture containing a solid mixed with a liquid.
The solid doesn’t dissolve and can be separated from the liquid by filtration.
Definition of Miscible
Two liquids that mix completely are miscible. They form a homogeneous solution.
Definition of Immiscible
Liquids that do not mix are immiscible.
They form a heterogeneous mixture. They can be separated using a separating funnel.
Definition of Emulsion
When two immiscible liquids are shaken an emulsion forms. The solute breaks into small droplets and the milky-looking liquid that forms is an emulsion.
Definition of Chromatography
Process of separating substances into their individual components.
Definition of Element
A pure substance with only one kind of atom that cannot be broken down, divided or changed through chemical means.
Definition of Chemical Symbols
One or two letters used to represent the atom in chemical formulae.
Definition of Compound
A pure substance made up of two or more different elements that joined together in a fixed ratio.
Definition of Electrolysis
A process of using a direct current to cause a chemical reaction to take place.
Definition of Noble Gases
Gaseous elements that consist of only single atoms (monatomic).
Definition of Diatomic
Containing two atoms.
Definition of Diatomic molecules
Molecules composed of only two atoms of the same or different chemical elements.
Definition of Ion
An atom that has lost or gained electrons.
Definition of Monatomic
Consists of one atom.
Another name for Ionic charge
Valency
Definition of Cation
A positively charged ion, because it lost/donated electron/s.
Definition of Anion
A negatively charged ion, because it gained/accepted electron/s.
Definition of Malleable
Able to be shaped by hammering or rolling.
Definition of Ductile
Can be stretched and made.
Definition of Metalloid
Element that has metallic and non-metallic properties.
Definition of Electrical Conductor
Materials that can transmit an electric current.
Definition of Electrical Insulators
Materials that do not conduct electricity.
Definition of Thermal Conductors
Allows heat energy to pass efficiently through them.
Definition of Thermal Insulators
Does not allow heat energy to pass easily through them
Definition of Electromagnets
Magnets produced by passing an electric current through a wire which is usually coiled around an iron core.
Definition of Diffusion
The spread of particles in a fluid from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Definition of Solid
The state in which matter keeps a fixed volume and shape.
Definition of Liquid
The state in which matter keeps a fixed volume but because of gravity it takes the shape of the container it is in.
Definition of Gaseous
The state when a substance spontaneously distributes itself and uniformly fills the whole volume of the container.
Definition of Brownian method
The random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas, caused by collisions with molecules of surrounding medium (liquid or gas).
Definition of Macroscopic
Big or bulk properties that are visible and measurable
Definition of Microscopic
So small as to be visible only with a microscope.
Definition of Kinetic molecular theory
It explains observed changes of state in terms of the position and speed of particles.
Definition of Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid changes its phase or state to become a liquid.
Definition of Freezing Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to become a solid.
Definition of Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to become a gas.
Definition of Melting
The process of a solid changing its phase into a liquid.
Definition of Freezing
The process of a liquid changing its phase into a solid.
Definition of Evaporation
The process of a liquid changing its phase into a gas.
Definition of Condensation
The process of a gas changing its phase into a liquid.
Definition of Sublimation
The process of a solid changing its phase into a gas.
Definition of Deposition
The process of a gas changing its phase into a solid.
Definition of Phase Transition
When matter changes from one state to another.
Definition of Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles that make up a material.
