Questions on Classification of Matter, States of Matter and KMT Flashcards
What are the types of mixtures?
Heterogenous and Homogenous
What are the types of pure substances?
Elements and Compounds
Mixture properties (3)
Are not in a fixed ratio.
Keep their physical properties.
Can be separated by mechanical means.
Example of a homogenous mixture
Salt dissolved into water
Examples of a heterogenous mixture
Cereal in milk (solid and liquid)
Oil in water (liquid and liquid)
Muddy water (solid and liquid)
Fizzy drinks (gas and liquid)
What are four ways mixtures can be separated?
Heating the solution (causing the water to evaporate)
Using a magnet
Using a separating funnel
Fractional distillation
Ways we can test for pure substances?
Melting point
Boiling point
Chromatography
With chromatography if the substance (we are testing) is pure, chromatography will only produce ____ substance/s at the end.
One substance
With chromatography if the substance (we are testing) is impure, chromatography will only produce ____ substance/s at the end.
Several/multiple substances
What is the smallest unit of an element?
An atom
How many elements do we know about?
118
How many elements are officially named?
112
What does the Periodic Table consist of?
Elements
What are some examples of compounds? (3)
Water
Sodium chloride
Cardon dioxide
Give examples of diatomic elements
Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Fluorine Chlorine Bromine
What is the different between mixtures, elements and compounds when it comes to separation?
Elements - separation is not possible
Compounds - possible by chemical means
Mixtures - possible by physical means
What are the vertical columns in the Periodic table called?
Groups
What are the horizontal rows in the Periodic table called?
Periods
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons which is also the number of electrons
What is atomic mass?
The number of protons and neutrons
How does a chemical compound form?
When two or more elements chemically bind in a constant ratio.
What is the difference between a cation and a anion?
Cation - when an atom donates/loses an electron/s and forms a positive ion
Anion - when an atom accepts/gains electron/s and forms a negative ion.
(Both cations and anions are a type of ionic bond)
What type of ions form Groups I-III in the Periodic Table?
Positive ions (cations)
What type of ions form Groups V-VII in the Periodic Table?
Negative ions (anions)
How to work out the ionic charge for Groups I-III?
Ionic charge=group number
How to work out the ionic charge for Groups V-VII?
Ionic charge=group number minus 8
What is another name for ionic charge?
Valency (Valence number)
Elements are classified as
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
Metals
Semi-metals/Metalloids
Non-metals
Name the properties of metals
- Solids at room temperature
- Malleable
- Good conductors of heat
- Good conductor of electricity
- High melting point
- High density
- Shiny, metallic appearance
Name some of the uses of metals
In saucepans, electric wires, jewellery, steel beams
Where are metals positioned on the Periodic Table?
Left hand side
Name the properties of non-metals
- Solids or gases at room temperature (Exception - Bromine is a liquid)
- Brittle, breaks easily
- Poor conductor of heat
- Poor conductor of electricity
- Low density
- Opaque/dull appearance
Name some of the uses of non-metals
Insulators for safety purposes
eg: plastic coating around conducting wires, handles of saucepans
Where are non-metals positioned on the Periodic Table?
Right-hand side
What are the seven semi-metals/metalloids?
Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium
Name the properties of semi-metals/metalloids
- Look like metals but can be shiny or dull
- Less dense than metals
- Usually brittle
- Semi-conductors (better than non-metals but not as well as metals)
Name some of the uses of semi-metals/metalloids
Transistors
Microchips in computers and calculators
Where are semi-metals/metalloids positioned on the Periodic Table?
Found on either side of the ‘step’ that separates metals and non-metals.
Name some examples of electrical conductors
Metals: copper, aluminium
Non-metals: carbon in the form of graphite
Name some examples of electrical insulators
Fibre-glass
Plastic
Ceramics
Name some examples of (electrical) semi-conductors
Silicon
Germanium
Name some examples of heat conductors
Copper
Aluminium
Name some examples of heat insulators
Wood
Rubber
Plastic foam
Wool/fur
Name some examples of magnetic materials
Iron (Fe)
Nickel (Ni)
Cobalt (Co)
Name some examples of non-magnetic materials
Metals:
Copper (Cu)
Manganese (Mn)
Tin (Sn)
Non-metals: wood, glass, plastic
What are the three states/phases of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is the freezing point of water?
0 degrees Celsius
What is the melting point of water?
0 degrees Celsius
What is the boiling point of water?
100 degrees Celsius
