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Physical Sciences > Questions on Classification of Matter, States of Matter and KMT > Flashcards

Questions on Classification of Matter, States of Matter and KMT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of mixtures?

A

Heterogenous and Homogenous

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2
Q

What are the types of pure substances?

A

Elements and Compounds

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3
Q

Mixture properties (3)

A

Are not in a fixed ratio.
Keep their physical properties.
Can be separated by mechanical means.

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4
Q

Example of a homogenous mixture

A

Salt dissolved into water

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5
Q

Examples of a heterogenous mixture

A

Cereal in milk (solid and liquid)
Oil in water (liquid and liquid)
Muddy water (solid and liquid)
Fizzy drinks (gas and liquid)

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6
Q

What are four ways mixtures can be separated?

A

Heating the solution (causing the water to evaporate)
Using a magnet
Using a separating funnel
Fractional distillation

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7
Q

Ways we can test for pure substances?

A

Melting point
Boiling point
Chromatography

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8
Q

With chromatography if the substance (we are testing) is pure, chromatography will only produce ____ substance/s at the end.

A

One substance

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9
Q

With chromatography if the substance (we are testing) is impure, chromatography will only produce ____ substance/s at the end.

A

Several/multiple substances

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10
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element?

A

An atom

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11
Q

How many elements do we know about?

A

118

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12
Q

How many elements are officially named?

A

112

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13
Q

What does the Periodic Table consist of?

A

Elements

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14
Q

What are some examples of compounds? (3)

A

Water
Sodium chloride
Cardon dioxide

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15
Q

Give examples of diatomic elements

A 
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
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16
Q

What is the different between mixtures, elements and compounds when it comes to separation?

A

Elements - separation is not possible
Compounds - possible by chemical means
Mixtures - possible by physical means

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17
Q

What are the vertical columns in the Periodic table called?

A

Groups

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18
Q

What are the horizontal rows in the Periodic table called?

A

Periods

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19
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons which is also the number of electrons

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20
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

21
Q

How does a chemical compound form?

A

When two or more elements chemically bind in a constant ratio.

22
Q

What is the difference between a cation and a anion?

A

Cation - when an atom donates/loses an electron/s and forms a positive ion
Anion - when an atom accepts/gains electron/s and forms a negative ion.

(Both cations and anions are a type of ionic bond)

23
Q

What type of ions form Groups I-III in the Periodic Table?

A

Positive ions (cations)

24
Q

What type of ions form Groups V-VII in the Periodic Table?

A

Negative ions (anions)

25
Q

How to work out the ionic charge for Groups I-III?

A

Ionic charge=group number

26
Q

How to work out the ionic charge for Groups V-VII?

A

Ionic charge=group number minus 8

27
Q

What is another name for ionic charge?

A

Valency (Valence number)

28
Q

Elements are classified as

  1. _____________
  2. _____________
  3. _____________
A

Metals
Semi-metals/Metalloids
Non-metals

29
Q

Name the properties of metals

A
  • Solids at room temperature
  • Malleable
  • Good conductors of heat
  • Good conductor of electricity
  • High melting point
  • High density
  • Shiny, metallic appearance
30
Q

Name some of the uses of metals

A

In saucepans, electric wires, jewellery, steel beams

31
Q

Where are metals positioned on the Periodic Table?

A

Left hand side

32
Q

Name the properties of non-metals

A
  • Solids or gases at room temperature (Exception - Bromine is a liquid)
  • Brittle, breaks easily
  • Poor conductor of heat
  • Poor conductor of electricity
  • Low density
  • Opaque/dull appearance
33
Q

Name some of the uses of non-metals

A

Insulators for safety purposes

eg: plastic coating around conducting wires, handles of saucepans

34
Q

Where are non-metals positioned on the Periodic Table?

A

Right-hand side

35
Q

What are the seven semi-metals/metalloids?

A 
Boron
Silicon
Germanium
Arsenic
Antimony
Tellurium
Polonium
36
Q

Name the properties of semi-metals/metalloids

A
  • Look like metals but can be shiny or dull
  • Less dense than metals
  • Usually brittle
  • Semi-conductors (better than non-metals but not as well as metals)
37
Q

Name some of the uses of semi-metals/metalloids

A

Transistors

Microchips in computers and calculators

38
Q

Where are semi-metals/metalloids positioned on the Periodic Table?

A

Found on either side of the ‘step’ that separates metals and non-metals.

39
Q

Name some examples of electrical conductors

A

Metals: copper, aluminium

Non-metals: carbon in the form of graphite

40
Q

Name some examples of electrical insulators

A

Fibre-glass
Plastic
Ceramics

41
Q

Name some examples of (electrical) semi-conductors

A

Silicon

Germanium

42
Q

Name some examples of heat conductors

A

Copper

Aluminium

43
Q

Name some examples of heat insulators

A

Wood
Rubber
Plastic foam
Wool/fur

44
Q

Name some examples of magnetic materials

A

Iron (Fe)
Nickel (Ni)
Cobalt (Co)

45
Q

Name some examples of non-magnetic materials

A

Metals:
Copper (Cu)
Manganese (Mn)
Tin (Sn)

Non-metals: wood, glass, plastic

46
Q

What are the three states/phases of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

47
Q

What is the freezing point of water?

A

0 degrees Celsius

48
Q

What is the melting point of water?

A

0 degrees Celsius

49
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100 degrees Celsius

Physical Sciences (12 decks)

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