Reactions in aqueous solutions

Question 1

Explain the polar nature of the water molecule.

Answer 1

The H2O molecule is at an angular shape. The O atom attracts more shared electron pairs than the H atoms. H2O molecule is asymmetrical, the O side acquires a slightly negative charge, H side acquires a slightly positive charge. The water molecule is a dipole

Question 2

How is water able to dissolve ions?

Answer 2

1. Forces of attraction develop between the polar H2O molecules and the ions of the substance.
2. These forces overcome the electrostatic forces between the ions.
3. The positive ions are attracted to the oxygen side (negative) and the negative ions to the hydrogen side (positive).
4. The positive and negative are pulled from the crystal lattice and are surrounded by H2O molecules.
5. The crystal has completely dissolved.

Question 3

What substances can conduct electricity

Answer 3

Substances that form freely-moving ions

Question 4

How to test for the presence of Chlorides (anion in solution)?

Answer 4

Using silver nitrate and nitric acid

Question 5

How to test for the presence of Bromides (anion in solution)?

Answer 5

Using silver nitrate and nitric acid

Question 6

How to test for the presence of Iodides (anion in solution)?

Answer 6

Using silver nitrate and nitric acid

Question 7

How to test for the presence of Sulphates (anion in solution)?

Answer 7

Barium nitrate and nitric acid

Question 8

How to test for the presence of Carbonates (anion in solution)?

Answer 8

Barium nitrate and nitric acid

Question 9

What are you testing for when using silver nitrate and nitric acid?

Answer 9

Chlorides
Bromides
Iodides

Question 10

What are you testing for when using barium nitrate and nitric acid

Answer 10

Sulphates

Carbonates