Periodic Trends and Bonding Flashcards
Valency/valence number
Number electron an atom needs to lose, gain/share to achieve octet structure
Valence electrons
Electrons in the outermost energy level
Atomic radius
The distance between the centre of the nucleus to the outermost shell
Ionisation energy
Amount of energy required to remove an electron (from a neutral atom in a gaseous state)
Electron affinity
Amount of energy required to add an electron (to a neutral atom in a gaseous state)
Electronegativity
How strongly atoms attract electrons
Periodicity
The gradual change in physical and chemical properties of elements
Electron Affinity:
Increases from ___ to ___ and from ___ to ___
Increases from left –> right and from bottom –> top
F has the highest electron affinity (top right).
Electronegativity:
Increases from ___ to ___ and from ___ to ___
Increases from left –> right and from bottom –> top
F is the most electronegative (top right).
Ionisation energy:
Increases from ___ to ___ and from ___ to ___
Increases from left –> right and from bottom –> top
F has the highest ionisation energy (top right).
Atomic radius:
Increases from ___ to ___ and from ___ to ___
Increases from right –> left and from top –> bottom
Fr has the largest atomic radius (bottom left).
Reactivity
How violently an atom reacts with another substance’s atoms
Ion
An element with a charge
Isoelectric
Atoms with the same electron configuration = same amount of electrons
Rank these in decreasing ion size:
Neutral, Anion, Cation
Anion
Neutral
Cation
