Revision module

Question 1

What is the outermost layer of the skin?

Answer 1

epidermis

Question 2

Which gland drains into the hair follicle?

what do the two form?

Answer 2

sebaceous gland

pilosebaceous unit

Question 3

Which layer is between the epidermis and the subcutis?

Answer 3

dermis

Question 4

Embryonically, where does the epidermis originate?

Answer 4

ectoderm

Question 5

Embryonically, where does the dermis originate?

Answer 5

mesoderm

Question 6

Embryonically, where do melanocytes originate?

Answer 6

neural crest

Question 7

What is a blue naevus?

Answer 7

a mole that occurs when melanocytes stop their migration too early and dont reach the epidermis so they appear blue/black

Question 8

What is the main cell type in the epidermis?

Answer 8

keratinocytes

Question 9

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

Answer 9

stratified squamous

Question 10

What are the layers of epidermis from outermost to innermost?

Answer 10

keratin layer
granular layer
prickle cell layer
basal layer

Question 11

How long does it take keratinocytes to migrate to the outermost layer of the epidermis?

Answer 11

28 days

Question 12

Where are keratinocytes produced?

Answer 12

stem cells in basal layer

Question 13

What happens to cell proliferation in psoriasis?

Answer 13

increases with greater cell turnover and production

Question 14

What holds keratinocytes together?

Answer 14

anchoring proteins called desmosomes

Question 15

What is bullous pemphigus?

Answer 15

an autoimmune blistering condition of the epidermis caused by IgG antibodies against desmosomes

Question 16

What does histology of bullous pemphigus show?

Answer 16

intra-epidermal split

Question 17

What is bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 17

autoimmune condition causing sub-epidermal blisters

Question 18

What does the dermis do?

Answer 18

provides support and nutrition to the epidermis

Question 19

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 19

collagen and elastin held together by ground substance

Question 20

What are dermatofibromas?

Answer 20

benign proliferations of fibroblasts in response to minor injury eg. insect bite

Question 21

What is acne?

Answer 21

chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit

Question 22

What is the pathogenesis of acne/?

Answer 22

poral occlusion
bacterial collonisation
dermal inflammation
increased sebum production

Question 23

What nail changes are seen in psoriasis?

Answer 23

pitting and onycholysis

Question 24

Which protein is deficient in atopic eczema? what does this cause?

Answer 24

filaggrin

defective skin barrier

Question 25

What detects pain and heat in the skin?

Answer 25

free nerve endings

Question 26

What detects pressure, touch and vibration in the skin?

Answer 26

meissner’s and pacinian corpuscles

Question 27

Why does urticaria form?

Answer 27

release of histamines from mast cells in the dermis

Question 28

What do you call a flat lesion, <1.5cm?

Answer 28

macule

Question 29

What do you call a flat lesion, >1.5cm?

Answer 29

patch

Question 30

What is a papule?

Answer 30

a solid, raised lesion <1.5cm

Question 31

What is a nodule?

Answer 31

a solid, raised lesion >1.5cm

Question 32

What is a plaque?

Answer 32

palpable flat lesion >1cm

Question 33

What do you call a clear, fluid-filled lesion <0.5cm?

Answer 33

vesicle

Question 34

What do you call a clear, fluid-filled lesion >0.5cm?

Answer 34

bulla

Question 35

What is lichenification?

Answer 35

thickening of the epidermis with exaggeration of normal skin lines