Revision Leaflet- Unit 2

Question 1

The cells in organs are?

Answer 1

Specialised for their functions.

Question 2

Stem cells in animals can?

Answer 2

Can divide and have the potential to become different types of cells.

Question 3

Stem cells are involved in?

Answer 3

Growth and repair

Question 4

Meristems are where?

Answer 4

Cell division takes place in plants and so are where growth occurs

Question 5

The cells produced at meristems are?

Answer 5

Non-specialised and have the potential to become many types of plant cell e.g. Xylem, phloem, mesophyll

Question 6

What is the CNS made up of?

Answer 6

Brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What does the brain contain?

Answer 7

• cerebrum
• cerebellum
• medulla

Question 8

What does the cerebrum do?

Answer 8

Stores memories, receives information from our sense organs and controls our actions by sending messages out to the muscles or to glands.

Question 9

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 9

Controls co-ordination and balance.

Question 10

What does the medulla control?

Answer 10

Breathing and heartbeat.

Question 11

What do the receptors in our sense organs detect?

Answer 11

Stimuli in our surroundings and produce electrical impulses

Question 12

What do sensory neurons carry?

Answer 12

Electrical impulses to the CNS.

Question 13

The three types of neurons?

Answer 13

-sensory
-relay
-motor
Make up a reflex arc and bring about fast responses

Question 14

What is the gap called between each 2 neurons?

Answer 14

Synapse and the electrical impulses are carries across the gap by chemicals.

Question 15

what do endocrine glands release?

Answer 15

Hormones into the blood stream.

Question 16

Hormones work on their?

Answer 16

Specific target cells which have receptor proteins they can attach to.

Question 17

What does the pancreas control?

Answer 17

Our blood glucose level by producing two hormones, insulin and glucagon.

Question 18

The target cells for insulin and glucagon are in the?

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

When is insulin released?

Answer 19

When blood sugar level is high.

Question 20

In the response to insulin, what does the liver do?

Answer 20

Converts glucose to glycogen for storage.

Question 21

When is glucagon released?

Answer 21

When blood sugar levels are to low.

Question 22

In the response to glucagon the liver concerts?

Answer 22

Glycogen back to glucose.

Question 23

What is diabetes cause by?

Answer 23

Either the pancreas not releasing enough insulin or the liver not responding to it.

Question 24

Body cells are?

Answer 24

Diploid

Question 25

Gametes are?

Answer 25

Haploid

Question 26

Make gametes are?

Answer 26

Sperm and pollen cells

Question 27

Female gametes are?

Answer 27

Egg cells and ovules

Question 28

Sperm cells are produced in the?

Answer 28

Testes

Question 29

Egg cells are produced in?

Answer 29

Ovaries

Question 30

Pollen is produced in a flowers?

Answer 30

Anther

Question 31

Ovules are produced in a flowers?

Answer 31

Ovary

Question 32

What does variation mean?

Answer 32

Differences between organisms, and these differences may be caused by their genes.

Question 33

What is discrete variation?

Answer 33

The organisms can be places in distinct groups, e.g. Male or female, tongue roller on non-roller

Question 34

What is continuous variation?

Answer 34

The organism all fit somewhere along a range e.g. Height, handspan

Question 35

control of a feature by several gene is called?

Answer 35

Polygenic inheritance

Question 36

Different forms of a gene is called?

Answer 36

Alleles

Question 37

The appearance of an individual is called the?

Answer 37

Phenotype

Question 38

The alleles present are called the?

Answer 38

Genotype

Question 39

What always shows up in a phenotype?

Answer 39

A dominant allele

Question 40

A recessive allele can be hidden by?

Answer 40

A recessive one

Question 41

What is homozygous?

Answer 41

Having two identical alleles

Question 42

What is heterozygous?

Answer 42

Having two different alleles

Question 43

In a cross, what are the parents called?

Answer 43

The P generation

Question 44

What is the first generation of offspring?

Answer 44

The F1 generation.

Question 45

What are the offspring of the F1 generation?

Answer 45

F2 generation

Question 46

Why do plants require water?

Answer 46

For transporting materials and for photosynthesis

Question 47

How does water enter a plant?

Answer 47

Through root hairs and passes up through xylem to the leaf.

Question 48

What are xylem cells?

Answer 48

Xylem cells are dead and are lignified to withstand the pressure changes as water moves through the plant

Question 49

What are the top and bottom layer of a lead called?

Answer 49

Epidermis

Question 50

What are the middles layers of a leaf called?

Answer 50

Mesophyll

Question 51

What does a mesophyll do?

Answer 51

Carry out photosynthesis, so they require water to be brought up to them

Question 52

What does the lower epidermis contain?

Answer 52

Pores called stomata, and these are opened and closed by the guard cells around them.

Question 53

What is transpiration?

Answer 53

When water evaporated out through stomata

Question 54

What does transpiration do?

Answer 54

Speeds up in warm, windy conditions. It is slow in humid conditions.

Question 55

What do phloem cells do?

Answer 55

Transport sugar through the plant

Question 56

In mammals what is transported through the blood?

Answer 56

Nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 57

What are the names of the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 57

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

Question 58

What happens to deoxygenated blood?

Answer 58

Returns to the heart in the vena cava and enters the right atrium.

Question 59

where does blood pass?

Answer 59

To the right ventricle and leaves for the lungs along the two pulmonary arteries.

Question 60

What happens with oxygenated blood?

Answer 60

Returns from the left atrium to the left ventricle and leaves for the body along the aorta

Question 61

What do the valves in the heart help?

Answer 61

To prevent backflow of blood.

Question 62

Where does the heart muscle get food and oxygen from?

Answer 62

From the blood in its corniest arteries

Question 63

What do arteries do?

Answer 63

Carey blood which has recently been pumped by the heart and so is under high pressure.

Question 64

What do arteries have?

Answer 64

Thick, muscular walls with a narrow central channel.

Question 65

What do veins do?

Answer 65

Carry blood returning to the heart and this blood is under low pressure.

Question 66

What do veins have?

Answer 66

Thinner walls with a wide channel

Question 67

What do capillaries do?

Answer 67

Form networks in organs and tissues, forming a link between the ends of the arteries and the veins.

Question 68

What do capillaries have?

Answer 68

Thin walls and have a large surface area, allowing exchange of materials ( oxygen and food to pass out of blood to cells, carbon dioxide and waste to pass from cells into blood)

Question 69

What do red blood cells contain?

Answer 69

Haemoglobin and are specialised to carry oxygen in the form of oxyhemoglobin.

Question 70

How are our airways kept open?

Answer 70

By rings of cartilage

Question 71

Where is the aveoli?

Answer 71

In the lungs

Question 72

What happens in the aveoli?

Answer 72

Oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out

Question 73

What does alveoli have?

Answer 73

Thin walls, a large surface area, a good blood supple allowing more efficient diffusion of gases

Question 74

What does mucus trap?

Answer 74

Dirt and microorganisms

Question 75

What does cilia do?

Answer 75

Moves dirt and microorganisms away from the lungs

Question 76

How is food moved through the digestive system?

Answer 76

By peristalsis

Question 77

How is digested food absorbed?

Answer 77

From small intestine into the blood across the villi.

Question 78

What is a villus?

Answer 78

Is found in the small intestine, has thin walls, a large surface area and a good blood supply.

Question 79

What does the villus absorb into the blood?

Answer 79

Glucose and amino acid

Question 80

How are fatty acids and glycerol absorbed?

Answer 80

Into the lacteal.

Question 81

What are bad choices we make about our lifestyle?

Answer 81

High fat or high salt diet, lack of excersising, use or tobacco or alcohol, or high stress levels may increase the chances of fatty deposits in blood vessels, blood clots, heart attacks, strokes, diabetes and stress

Question 82

What does a lack of iron mean?

Answer 82

Haemoglobin cannot be made and can lead to heavy metals, radiation and pollution.

Question 83

What plays a big part on human conditions?

Answer 83

Heredity (our genes)

Question 84

What are multicellular organisms?

Answer 84

They have more than one cell type and are made up of tissues and organs.