Revision Flashcards
what can cause disordered development
congenital/ genetic problems
prematurity
neglect
what can cause incomplete/ advanced development
immaturity
precocity (puberty too early)
disability
what are vital signs like in neonates
HR and RR high
BP is low
what causes RDS
born early without surfactant in lungs
describe bronchiolitis
viral infection that only affects children, only get it once, supportive treatment only
what is the biggest risk for teenagers
risk taking behaviour- drugs, alcohol, RTA
when do most paed deaths happen
in first year on life, especially at risk in first month of life
what is the main cause of child death
communicable diseases (infections)
when do you get a heel prick to test for cystic fibrosis
6 days old
what is cerebral palsy
group of disorders of movement and posture that are attributed to non progressive disturbances in the developing foetal or infant brain
often accompanied with disturbances of sensation, cognition, communication, behaviour, seizures
what increases the risk of cerebral palsy
premature, small, twin/ multiple births, maternal hypo/hypertension
what can cause cerebral palsy before birth
perventricular leukomalacia, congenital infection, injury in the womb
what is periventricular leukomalacia
a type of brain injury that is most common in babies born too soon (premature) or at low birthweight. The white matter (leuko) surrounding the ventricles of the brain (periventricular) is deprived of blood and oxygen leading to softening (malacia).
what can cause cerebral palsy during/after birth
HIE (Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy), meningitis, head injury, near drowning
what is hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
a type of brain damage that occurs when an infant’s brain doesn’t receive enough oxygen and blood
what potential problems do people with cerebral palsy face
gross/fine motor delay, speech/ communication, sleep disturbances, pain, high/low tone, low bone mineral density, salivation, nutrition, swallowing, seizures, orthopaedic issues (high tone causing dislocations)
social isolation, education, financial, stigma, independent living, living with chronic problems, behavioural issues, toileting issues, employment
when do you give children GH
GH deficiency (pan hypopituitarism), chronic renal failure, turners
will GH help constitutional grow delay
no
how will precocious puberty affect height
make you shorter
how can you suppress precocious puberty
give high levels of GNRH to suppress LH and FSH- given as 6 monthly injections
how do you plot bone age
with a filled in triangle
how do you asses disproportionate growth (e.g. skeletal dysplasia)
sitting vs standing height
when are you classified short
when you are below 2nd centile
when are you on a centile
+/- a 1/4 centile
