Global and Public Health Flashcards
define under 5 mortality rate
probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of 5
define infant mortality rate
probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching the age of 1
what are morality rates based off
deaths per 1000 live births
what globally are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality
preterm birth complications, pneumonia, intrapartum- related complications
diarrhoea
neonatal sepsis
what are the top 5 causes of under 5 mortality in africa
diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, pre term complications, intra-partum complications
how can you prevent pneumonia
vaccinations, nutrition, good hygiene
what is the treatment for diarrhoea
oral dehydration solution, zinc supplements (improves immune response and reduces length of the illness)
can the mother child transmission of HIV (pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding) be prevented
can be reduced to 1% when viral load of mother is undetectable
what is the presentation of HIV in children
recurrent or severe common childhood illnesses (otitis media, diarrhoea), recurrent oral candidiasis that doesnt respond to treatment, recurrent severe bacterial infection (meningitis), failure to thrive/ growth failure, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever
what is the treatment for HIV
HAART: two NRTIs plus one NNRTI or protease inhibitor
should you give BCG in patient with HIV
no. may get disseminated BCG disease
what is the presentation of tuberculosis in children
chronic cough or fever >2 weeks, night sweats, weight loss, lymphadenopathy
what are risk factors for TB
HIV, malnutrition, household contact
what causes malaria
plasmodium parasite from female anopheles mosquito
what is the presentation of malaria
fever, pallor, non specific malaise
what is the treatment for malaria
artemisinin based combination therapy for 3 days
what are the parameters of severe acute malnutrition
mid arm circumference <115mm
weight for height
what is the first thing you treat in malnutrition
hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, infection and dehydration
what can cause secondary epilepsy
malaria, RTA, meningitis, birth asphyxia
what is health inequality
differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different populations groups
what are indicators if risk of health inequality
family breakdown/ disharmony lack of family rituals poor domestic/ financial management neglect lack of boundaries/ discipline lack of routine/ consistency violence/ abuse
what are the features children/ adolescents can have when faced with social injustice
anti-social behaviour isolated/ withdrawn behavioural issues emotional issues child assuming role of carer
what can protect children in social injustice
close and stable relationship with a caring adult
opportunities at times of transition
