revising all my notes/it will take long time.

Question 1

indulge(v)
indulgence(n)
indulgent(adj.)

Answer 1

1.[intransitive, transitive] to allow yourself to have or do something that you like, especially something that is considered bad for you
# indulge in something:
They went into town to indulge in some serious shopping.
She has never been one to indulge in gossip.

#indulge yourself (with something) I indulged myself with a long hot bath.
For a special treat, indulge yourself with one of these luxury desserts.

​2.[transitive] indulge something to satisfy a particular desire, interest, etc.
The inheritance enabled him to indulge his passion for art.
In the closing lines, the poet indulges his sense of irony.

3.​[transitive] to be too generous in allowing somebody to have or do whatever they like.
 indulge somebody (with something) She did not believe in indulging the children with presents.
 indulge something Her father had always indulged her every whim.

4.​[intransitive] indulge in something to take part in an activity, especially one that is illegal

Question 2

condemn(v)

condemnation(n)

Answer 2

1.say something is bad
​ to say very strongly that you think something is bad, usually for moral reasons.
condemn somebody/something The government issued a statement condemning the killings.
condemn somebody/something for/as something The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity.
Extra Examples
She publicly condemned the deal.
She publicly condemned the opposition leader.
The President specifically condemned the ads.
The action has been widely condemned by human rights groups.
They rightly condemn such opinions as racist.

2.somebody to punishment
​ [usually passive] to say what somebody’s punishment will be
SYNONYM sentence
be condemned (to something) He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.
be condemned to do something She was condemned to hang for killing her husband

Question 3

dub (verb)

Answer 3

to give a name or nickname

Question 4

lucrative (adjective)

Answer 4

producing profit or wealth

Question 5

reticent (adjective)

Answer 5

reserved; unwilling to communicate about something

Question 6

unscrupulous (adjective)=unprincipled

Answer 6

lacking regard for what is right or proper

Question 7

hobnob (with somebody)

Answer 7

to spend a lot of time with somebody, especially somebody who is rich and/or famous
He was often seen hobnobbing with influential business people.

Question 8

precarious

Answer 8

not safe or certain; dangerous
He earned a precarious living as an artist.
The museum is in a financially precarious position.

Question 9

falter(v)

Answer 9

to become weaker or less effective
SYNONYM waver
The economy shows no signs of faltering.
Her courage never faltered.
The economy is beginning to falter.
The team’s performance faltered badly after the break.

Question 10

commodity(n)

Answer 10

a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold

Question 11

substitute(v)

Answer 11

to take the place of somebody/something else; to use somebody/something instead of somebody/something else
substitute for somebody/something Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.
Can you find someone to substitute for you at the meeting?
substitute A for B Margarine can be substituted for butter in this recipe.
substitute B with/by A Butter can be substituted with margarine in this recipe.
substitute somebody/something Kane was substituted in the second half after a knee injury (= somebody else played instead of Kane in the second half).

Question 12

expound(v)

Answer 12

to explain

Question 13

burden(v)

Answer 13

1.burden somebody/yourself (with something) to give somebody a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage.
I don’t want to burden you with my worries.
to be burdened by high taxation
OPPOSITE unburden

2.​be burdened with something to be carrying something heavy
She got off the bus, burdened with two heavy suitcases

Question 14

dizziness(n)

Answer 14

the feeling that everything is turning around you and that you are not able to balance
SYNONYM giddiness (1)
He complained of headaches and dizziness.

Question 15

air(v)

Answer 15

air something to express your opinions publicly
SYNONYM voice
The weekly meeting enables employees to air their grievances.
The issues were openly aired and discussed by the group.

Question 16

prompt(v)

Answer 16

[transitive] to make somebody decide to do something; to cause something to happen
SYNONYM provoke
prompt something The discovery of the bomb prompted an increase in security.
His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd.
prompt somebody to do something The thought of her daughter’s wedding day prompted her to lose some weight.

Question 17

enact(v)

Answer 17

to pass a law

(be) enacted (by somebody/something) legislation enacted by parliament

Question 18

petition(n)

Answer 18

a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something
petition against something Would you like to sign our petition against experiments on animals?

Question 19

deem(v)

Answer 19

​to have a particular opinion about somebody/something
SYNONYM consider
deem somebody/something + noun The evening was deemed a great success.
deem somebody/something + adj. She deemed it prudent not to say anything.
I deem it an honour to be invited.
They would take any action deemed necessary.
deem somebody/something to be something The strike was deemed to be illegal

Question 20

belittle(v)

Answer 20

​belittle somebody/something to make somebody, or the things that somebody does, seem unimportant
She felt her husband constantly belittled her achievements.
By saying this, I do not mean to belittle the importance of his role.

Question 21

tackle(v)

Answer 21

tackle something to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation
The government is determined to tackle inflation.
I think I’ll tackle the repairs next weekend.
Firefighters tackled a blaze in a garage last night.

Question 22

render(v)

Answer 22

cause somebody/something to be something
​ render somebody/something + adj. (formal) to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition
SYNONYM make
to render something harmless/useless/ineffective
Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.

Question 23

obsolete(adj)

Answer 23

​no longer used because something new has been invented
SYNONYM out of date
obsolete technology
With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete.

Question 24

novel(adj)

Answer 24

New, interesting, different from other things; A novel idea.

Question 25

contrive

Answer 25

devise

Question 26

incognito(adv) | incognito(adj)

Answer 26

a way that prevents other people from finding out who you are Movie stars often prefer to travel incognito. preventing other people from finding out who you are an incognito visit

Question 27

notoriety(n)

Answer 27

the state of being famous for being bad in some way. notoriety (for something) She achieved notoriety for her affair with the senator. notoriety as something He gained a certain notoriety as a gambler.

Question 28

proliferate(n)

Answer 28

to increase rapidly in number or amount SYNONYM multiply Books and articles on the subject have proliferated over the last year.

Question 29

taunt(v)

Answer 29

​taunt somebody to try to make somebody angry or upset by saying unkind things about them, laughing at their failures, etc. The other kids continually taunted him about his size.

Question 30

embed(v)

Answer 30

to fix something in a substance or solid object be embedded in something an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg (figurative) These attitudes are deeply embedded in our society (= felt very strongly and difficult to change). embed something/itself (in something) The bullet embedded itself in the wall.

Question 31

boot(v)

Answer 31

boot (something) (up) (computing) to prepare a computer for use by loading its operating system; to be prepared in this way

Question 32

imprint(v)

Answer 32

to have a great effect on something so that it cannot be forgotten, changed, etc. imprint A in/on B The terrible scenes were indelibly imprinted on his mind. He imprints his own personal style on his work. imprint B with A His work is imprinted with his own personal style. ​to print or press a mark or design onto a surface imprint A in/on B Their footprints were imprinted in the snow. imprint B with A clothes imprinted with the logos of sports teams

Question 33

lurk(v)

Answer 33

to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do something bad or illegal SYNONYM skulk Why are you lurking around outside my house? A crocodile was lurking just below the surface.

Question 34

afflict(v)

Answer 34

to affect somebody/something in an unpleasant or harmful way afflict somebody/something Severe drought has afflicted the region. the many problems that afflict the unemployed Aid will be sent to the afflicted areas. be afflicted with something About 40 per cent of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. He’s badly afflicted with a skin disorder.

Question 35

unleash(v)

Answer 35

``` unleash something (on/upon somebody/something) to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or have an effect The government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press. ```

Question 36

pecuniary(adjective)

Answer 36

having to do with money

Question 37

conundrum(noun)

Answer 37

a difficult or puzzling problem to solve

Question 38

pastime

Answer 38

something that you enjoy doing when you are not working SYNONYM hobby Watching television is still the most popular national pastime. Fishing is an enjoyable pastime for people of all ages.

Question 39

mind-boggling(adj)

Answer 39

very difficult to imagine or to understand; extremely surprising a problem of mind-boggling complexity It’s mind-boggling to me that this is allowed to happen.

Question 40

plethora(adj)

Answer 40

an amount that is greater than is needed or can be used SYNONYM excess The report contained a plethora of detail.

Question 41

blockbuster

Answer 41

something very successful, especially a very successful book or film a Hollywood blockbuster

Question 42

surge(n)

Answer 42

``` surge (of something) a sudden increase of a strong feeling SYNONYM rush She felt a sudden surge of anger. a surge of excitement SEE ALSO upsurge ```

Question 43

extant (adjective)

Answer 43

not destroyed or lost

Question 44

nondescript (adjective)

Answer 44

not easily described: having no special or interesting qualities, parts, etc.: typical and uninteresting

Question 45

intact(adj.)

Answer 45

complete and not damaged | SYNONYM undamaged

Question 46

submerge(v)

Answer 46

to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put something or make something go under the surface of water or liquid The submarine had had time to submerge before the warship could approach. be submerged (by something) The fields had been submerged by floodwater. Her submerged car was discovered in the river by police divers. submerge something/yourself Hippopotamuses cool down by submerging themselves in water.

Question 47

constraint(noun)

Answer 47

something that limits something else

Question 48

discrete(adjective)

Answer 48

completely separate

Question 49

multifarious(adjective)

Answer 49

diverse; many and various

Question 50

relegate(verb)

Answer 50

to put into a lesser position

Question 51

grip(v)

Answer 51

to hold something tightly SYNONYM grasp grip something ‘Please don't go,’ he said, gripping her arm. grip on to something She gripped on to the railing with both hands.

Question 52

mortgage(n)

Answer 52

a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow to apply for/take out/pay off a mortgage mortgage rates (= of interest) He raised the money by taking out a second mortgage on his house. a mortgage of £60 000 He's been having trouble keeping up with his monthly mortgage repayments.

Question 53

pitfall(n)

Answer 53

a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first the potential pitfalls of buying a house Getting professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls.

Question 54

discern(v)

Answer 54

to know, recognize or understand something, especially something that is not obvious SYNONYM detect

Question 55

discerning(adj)=prudent

Answer 55

able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something The discerning customer will recognize this as a high-quality product.

Question 56

frugal(adj)

Answer 56

using only as much money or food as is necessary a frugal existence/life The monks lead a frugal existence in their isolated monastery. He has always been hard-working and frugal. a frugal Methodist background OPPOSITE extravagant

Question 57

engrossed(adj)

Answer 57

deeply occupied or involved

Question 58

testament n

Answer 58

a thing that shows that something else exists or is true SYNONYM testimony The new model is a testament to the skill and dedication of the workforce.

Question 59

shrug off

Answer 59

to treat something as if it is not important SYNONYM dismiss Shrugging off her injury, she played on. He shrugged aside suggestions that he resign.

Question 60

instill(v)

Answer 60

``` to gradually put an idea or attitude into somebody's mind; to make somebody feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time instil something (in/into somebody) to instil confidence/discipline/fear into somebody instil somebody with something His father instilled him with a desire to fight injustice and corruption. ```