revising all my notes/it will take long time. Flashcards
indulge(v)
indulgence(n)
indulgent(adj.)
1.[intransitive, transitive] to allow yourself to have or do something that you like, especially something that is considered bad for you # indulge in something: They went into town to indulge in some serious shopping. She has never been one to indulge in gossip.
#indulge yourself (with something) I indulged myself with a long hot bath. For a special treat, indulge yourself with one of these luxury desserts.
2.[transitive] indulge something to satisfy a particular desire, interest, etc.
The inheritance enabled him to indulge his passion for art.
In the closing lines, the poet indulges his sense of irony.
3.[transitive] to be too generous in allowing somebody to have or do whatever they like. indulge somebody (with something) She did not believe in indulging the children with presents. indulge something Her father had always indulged her every whim.
4.[intransitive] indulge in something to take part in an activity, especially one that is illegal
condemn(v)
condemnation(n)
1.say something is bad
to say very strongly that you think something is bad, usually for moral reasons.
condemn somebody/something The government issued a statement condemning the killings.
condemn somebody/something for/as something The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity.
Extra Examples
She publicly condemned the deal.
She publicly condemned the opposition leader.
The President specifically condemned the ads.
The action has been widely condemned by human rights groups.
They rightly condemn such opinions as racist.
2.somebody to punishment
[usually passive] to say what somebody’s punishment will be
SYNONYM sentence
be condemned (to something) He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.
be condemned to do something She was condemned to hang for killing her husband
dub (verb)
to give a name or nickname
lucrative (adjective)
producing profit or wealth
reticent (adjective)
reserved; unwilling to communicate about something
unscrupulous (adjective)=unprincipled
lacking regard for what is right or proper
hobnob (with somebody)
to spend a lot of time with somebody, especially somebody who is rich and/or famous
He was often seen hobnobbing with influential business people.
precarious
not safe or certain; dangerous
He earned a precarious living as an artist.
The museum is in a financially precarious position.
falter(v)
to become weaker or less effective SYNONYM waver The economy shows no signs of faltering. Her courage never faltered. The economy is beginning to falter. The team’s performance faltered badly after the break.
commodity(n)
a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold
substitute(v)
to take the place of somebody/something else; to use somebody/something instead of somebody/something else
substitute for somebody/something Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.
Can you find someone to substitute for you at the meeting?
substitute A for B Margarine can be substituted for butter in this recipe.
substitute B with/by A Butter can be substituted with margarine in this recipe.
substitute somebody/something Kane was substituted in the second half after a knee injury (= somebody else played instead of Kane in the second half).
expound(v)
to explain
burden(v)
1.burden somebody/yourself (with something) to give somebody a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work
They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage.
I don’t want to burden you with my worries.
to be burdened by high taxation
OPPOSITE unburden
2.be burdened with something to be carrying something heavy
She got off the bus, burdened with two heavy suitcases
dizziness(n)
the feeling that everything is turning around you and that you are not able to balance
SYNONYM giddiness (1)
He complained of headaches and dizziness.
air(v)
air something to express your opinions publicly
SYNONYM voice
The weekly meeting enables employees to air their grievances.
The issues were openly aired and discussed by the group.
prompt(v)
[transitive] to make somebody decide to do something; to cause something to happen
SYNONYM provoke
prompt something The discovery of the bomb prompted an increase in security.
His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd.
prompt somebody to do something The thought of her daughter’s wedding day prompted her to lose some weight.
enact(v)
to pass a law
(be) enacted (by somebody/something) legislation enacted by parliament
petition(n)
a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something
petition against something Would you like to sign our petition against experiments on animals?
deem(v)
to have a particular opinion about somebody/something
SYNONYM consider
deem somebody/something + noun The evening was deemed a great success.
deem somebody/something + adj. She deemed it prudent not to say anything.
I deem it an honour to be invited.
They would take any action deemed necessary.
deem somebody/something to be something The strike was deemed to be illegal
belittle(v)
belittle somebody/something to make somebody, or the things that somebody does, seem unimportant
She felt her husband constantly belittled her achievements.
By saying this, I do not mean to belittle the importance of his role.
tackle(v)
tackle something to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation
The government is determined to tackle inflation.
I think I’ll tackle the repairs next weekend.
Firefighters tackled a blaze in a garage last night.
render(v)
cause somebody/something to be something
render somebody/something + adj. (formal) to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition
SYNONYM make
to render something harmless/useless/ineffective
Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.
obsolete(adj)
no longer used because something new has been invented
SYNONYM out of date
obsolete technology
With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete.
novel(adj)
New, interesting, different from other things; A novel idea.
contrive
devise
incognito(adv)
incognito(adj)
a way that prevents other people from finding out who you are
Movie stars often prefer to travel incognito.
preventing other people from finding out who you are
an incognito visit
notoriety(n)
the state of being famous for being bad in some way.
notoriety (for something) She achieved notoriety for her affair with the senator.
notoriety as something He gained a certain notoriety as a gambler.
proliferate(n)
to increase rapidly in number or amount
SYNONYM multiply
Books and articles on the subject have proliferated over the last year.
taunt(v)
taunt somebody to try to make somebody angry or upset by saying unkind things about them, laughing at their failures, etc.
The other kids continually taunted him about his size.
embed(v)
to fix something in a substance or solid object
be embedded in something an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg
(figurative) These attitudes are deeply embedded in our society (= felt very strongly and difficult to change).
embed something/itself (in something) The bullet embedded itself in the wall.
boot(v)
boot (something) (up) (computing) to prepare a computer for use by loading its operating system; to be prepared in this way
imprint(v)
to have a great effect on something so that it cannot be forgotten, changed, etc.
imprint A in/on B The terrible scenes were indelibly imprinted on his mind.
He imprints his own personal style on his work.
imprint B with A His work is imprinted with his own personal style.
to print or press a mark or design onto a surface
imprint A in/on B Their footprints were imprinted in the snow.
imprint B with A clothes imprinted with the logos of sports teams
lurk(v)
to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do something bad or illegal
SYNONYM skulk
Why are you lurking around outside my house?
A crocodile was lurking just below the surface.
afflict(v)
to affect somebody/something in an unpleasant or harmful way
afflict somebody/something Severe drought has afflicted the region.
the many problems that afflict the unemployed
Aid will be sent to the afflicted areas.
be afflicted with something About 40 per cent of the country’s population is afflicted with the disease.
He’s badly afflicted with a skin disorder.
unleash(v)
unleash something (on/upon somebody/something) to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or have an effect The government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press.
pecuniary(adjective)
having to do with money
conundrum(noun)
a difficult or puzzling problem to solve
pastime
something that you enjoy doing when you are not working
SYNONYM hobby
Watching television is still the most popular national pastime.
Fishing is an enjoyable pastime for people of all ages.
mind-boggling(adj)
very difficult to imagine or to understand; extremely surprising
a problem of mind-boggling complexity
It’s mind-boggling to me that this is allowed to happen.
plethora(adj)
an amount that is greater than is needed or can be used
SYNONYM excess
The report contained a plethora of detail.
blockbuster
something very successful, especially a very successful book or film
a Hollywood blockbuster
surge(n)
surge (of something) a sudden increase of a strong feeling SYNONYM rush She felt a sudden surge of anger. a surge of excitement SEE ALSO upsurge
extant (adjective)
not destroyed or lost
nondescript (adjective)
not easily described: having no special or interesting qualities, parts, etc.: typical and uninteresting
intact(adj.)
complete and not damaged
SYNONYM undamaged
submerge(v)
to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put something or make something go under the surface of water or liquid
The submarine had had time to submerge before the warship could approach.
be submerged (by something) The fields had been submerged by floodwater.
Her submerged car was discovered in the river by police divers.
submerge something/yourself Hippopotamuses cool down by submerging themselves in water.
constraint(noun)
something that limits something else
discrete(adjective)
completely separate
multifarious(adjective)
diverse; many and various
relegate(verb)
to put into a lesser position
grip(v)
to hold something tightly
SYNONYM grasp
grip something ‘Please don’t go,’ he said, gripping her arm.
grip on to something She gripped on to the railing with both hands.
mortgage(n)
a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow
to apply for/take out/pay off a mortgage
mortgage rates (= of interest)
He raised the money by taking out a second mortgage on his house.
a mortgage of £60 000
He’s been having trouble keeping up with his monthly mortgage repayments.
pitfall(n)
a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first
the potential pitfalls of buying a house
Getting professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls.
discern(v)
to know, recognize or understand something, especially something that is not obvious
SYNONYM detect
discerning(adj)=prudent
able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something
The discerning customer will recognize this as a high-quality product.
frugal(adj)
using only as much money or food as is necessary
a frugal existence/life
The monks lead a frugal existence in their isolated monastery.
He has always been hard-working and frugal.
a frugal Methodist background
OPPOSITE extravagant
engrossed(adj)
deeply occupied or involved
testament n
a thing that shows that something else exists or is true
SYNONYM testimony
The new model is a testament to the skill and dedication of the workforce.
shrug off
to treat something as if it is not important
SYNONYM dismiss
Shrugging off her injury, she played on.
He shrugged aside suggestions that he resign.
instill(v)
to gradually put an idea or attitude into somebody's mind; to make somebody feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time instil something (in/into somebody) to instil confidence/discipline/fear into somebody instil somebody with something His father instilled him with a desire to fight injustice and corruption.
