Revise Flashcards
1
Q
Renal stones Ist line analgesia
A
NSAID - PR diclofenac often preferred
2
Q
Renal stones investigation of choice
A
CTKUB
3
Q
Treatment of LUTS - Prostatic enlargement
A
5 alpha reductase inhibitor - finasteride
4
Q
Treatment of LUTS - voiding symptoms
A
Alpha blocker - tamsulosin
5
Q
A
6
Q
M a l a r r a s h
is a featur e o f
A
SLE
7
Q
EGPA
A
PANCA (MPO)
8
Q
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
A
CANCA (PR3)
9
Q
Dermatomyositis
A
Anti-Mi-2, Anti-SRP
10
Q
Sjogren’s syndrome
A
Anti-Ro (SSA) Anti-La (sSB)
11
Q
Diffuse c u t a n e o u s SS
A
Diffuse c u t a n e o u s SS Anti-SCL-70
12
Q
Limited c u t a n e o u s SS
A
Anti-centromere
13
Q
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
A
Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Smith
14
Q
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A
Rheumatoid Factor
Anti ccp
15
Q
A
Rheumatoid Factor
Anti ccp
16
Q
Pneumonia with history of bird contact
A
Chlamydia psittaci
17
Q
Commonest cause of lE COPD / IE
bronchiectasis
A
Haemophilius influenzae
18
Q
Pneumonia following vacation, low Nat,
d e r a n a e d LFTs
A
Legionella
19
Q
Exudate vs transudate (pleural fluid protein)
A
Protein > 30 = Exudate
20
Q
Restrictive airway disease spirometry
A
FVC FEVI/FVC normal/increased
21
Q
Prophylactic antibiotic of choice
bronchiectasis
A
Azithromycin/erythromycin
22
Q
FEV1/FVC < 70%
A
Obstructive airway disease spirometry
23
Q
Cause of unexplained COPD in young, non
s m o k e r
A
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
24
Q
Pulmonary fibrosis Ist line investigation
A
HRCT
25
Asthma on SABA - step 2?
Asthma on SABA - step 2?
Low d o s e ICS
26
Asthma step 3
Trial LTRA (montelukast)
27
Asthma step 4
LABA
28
Nephrotic syndrome in child - most common
c a u s e ?
Minimal change disease
29
Nephrotic syndrome in adult - most common
c a u s e ?
Membranous nephropathy
30
Child with abdominal pain, arthralgia, purpuric
rash
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
31
Antibodies in Goodpasture's disease
Anti-GBM (glomerular basement
membrane)
32
CKD + Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss -
diagnosis?
Alport syndrome
33
Cause of renal vascular disease, 'string of
beads' appearance
Fibromuscular dysplasia
34
Ist line management of minimal change
d i s e a s e ?
Steroids - prednisolone
35
Ist line management of membranous
nephropathy?
ACEi/ARB - reduce proteinuria
36
Proteinuria - Ist line management
ACEI/ARB
37
Proteinuria - additional treatment
SGLT2-inhibitor
38
Unexplained loss of motor or sensory
function, diagnosis
Conversion disorder
39
39
Section 136
Police removal from public place to place of
safety
40
Section 5.2
72 hours - doctor's holding power
41
Section 3
6 m o n t h s - t r e a t m e n t
42
Section 2
28 days - assessment
43
PTSD therapy
Trauma focussed or EMDR
44
OCD therapy
CBT including Exposure and response
prevention (ERP)
45
Personality disorder: Mood swings, impulsive,
toxic relationships
Emotionally unstable / borderline PD
46
Delusion: Pathological jealousy - partner has
c h e a t e d
Othello syndrome
47
Delusion: Family member has been replaced
Capgras syndrome
48
Delusion: Celebrity is in love with them
De Clerambault syndrome
49
Delusion: Part of body is dead
Cortard syndrome
50
Drug-induced urticaria
ACE inhibitors, aspirin, NSAIDs
51
A d v e r se effects ur i n a r y r e t e n t i o n
TCAs, Disopyramide, Anticholinergic
Nsaids
Opiates
52
Adverse effects of beta blockers = OH BETA!
Orthostatic hypotension,
Bronchospasm,
ED,
Trouble sleeping,
Arrhythmias
53
Adverse effects: Agranulocytosis
Carbamazepine,
carbimazole,
co-trimoxazole,
clozapine,
cytotoxics (MTX)
54
Prior to commencing allopurinol in high risk
groups, screen for..
HLA-B*5801
55
Prior to commencing azathioprine, screen for..
TPMT enzyme deficiency
56
Fibrosis
Nitrofurantoin, Ergot DA R agonists,
NE SCARS
Sulfasalazine,
Cytotoxics (bleomycin),
Amiodarone,
Rheumatoid (MTX)
57
Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis
NE SCARS
58
OAAK DEVICES
Enzyme-Inhibitors Mnemonic
Omeprazole,
Amiodarone,
Allopurinol,
OAAK DEVICES
Ketoconazole,
Disulfiram,
Ethanol (acute),
Valproate,
Isoniazid,
Ciprofloxacin,
Erythromycin/clari,
Sulphonamides
59
Enzyme-Inducers Mnemonic
Phenytoin,
Carbamazepine,
Barbiturates,
PC BRASSS
Rifampicin,
Alcohol (chronic),
Sulfonylureas,
smoking,
St John's wort
60
Fair hair, 'musty' urine, seizures, LD
Phenylketonuria
61
Tall. G v n a e c o m a s t i a . s m a l l t e s t e s
Klinefelter svndrome - 47XXY
62
Mild LD,
behavioural challenges,
obesity,
appetite++
Prader-Willi syndrome - Deletion
chromosome 15
63
Rocker-bottom feet + overriding fingers
' c l e n c h e d fists'
Edward's syndrome - Trisomy 18
64
CMPA - management if not breastfeeding
Extensively hydrolysed formula
65
1st line management primary nocturnal
e n u r e s i s
Enuresis alarm
66
Diagnostic investigation for Hirschprung's
d i s e a s e
Rectal biopsy
67
Management of suspected Wilms
nephroblastoma
Very urgent (48hr) referral to paediatrics
68
Management of intussusception
Therapeutic enema
69
"Sausage shaped mass" + "redcurrant jelly"
d i a r r h o e a
Intussusception
70
Olive shaped mass" + projectile vomiting
Pyloric stenosi
71
Diagnosis investigation for cystic fibrosis
S w e a t t e s t
72
Ist line management of Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)
Macrolide: Clarithromycin/Erythromycin
73
Ist line management of croup
Single dose dexamethasone
74
"Seal-like", barking cough - diagnosis?
Croup (parainfluenza)
75
6 months, bilateral wheeze/creps -
Bronchiolitis (RSV)
diagnosis?
Bronchiolitis (RSV)
76
Angina Ist line investigation
CTCA
77
Angina Ist line treatment
Beta blocker (caution: asthma), calcium channel
blocker
78
Heart failure Ist line investigation
NT-Pro BNP
79
Heart failure Ist line t r e a t m e n t
ACE inhibitor and Beta-blocker
80
H e a r t failure a d d i t i o n a l t r e a t m e n t
Spironolactone or eplerenone
81
Hypertension treatment - Ist line in diabetics
ACE inhibitor or ARB (ARB if African/Caribbean)
82
Hypertension treatment - Age › 55 (not diabetic)
CCB
83
Hypertension treatment - Age ‹ 55 (not diabetic
ACE inhibitor or ARB
84
H e a r t s o u n d s : L o u d P 2
Pulmonary hypertension
85
Heart s o u n d s : Fixed split S2
Atrial septal defect
86
ECG: T wave inversion + Epsilon wave
ARVC (Epsilon = terminal notch after QRS)
87
Heart s o u n d s : C o n t i n u o u s m a c h i n e m u r m u r
Patent ductus arteriosus
88
ECG: Convex ST-elevation followed by T wave
inversion
Brugada syndrome
89
QRISK > 10% m a n a g e m e n t
Atorvastatin 20 mg ON
90
Pulmonary hypertension - diagnostic
investigation
Right heart catheterisation
91
Unstable tachyarrhythmia management
Synchronised DC cardioversion (3 attempts)
92
Stable, regular,
n a r r o w c o m p l e x tachy.
m a n a g e m e n t
1) Vagal manoeuvres
(2) Adenosine 6mg, 12mg,
18mg
93
Torsades d e pointes m a n a g e m e n t
IV magnesium sulfate 2g push
94
ECG: Short PR, delta wave (slurred QRS upstroke)
Wolff-Parkinson White
95
NT-Pro BNP > 2,000
2WW Assessment + Echo
96
" Wa r t - l i k e l e s i o n s "
Seborrhoeic Keratosis
97
"Central hyperkeratotic plug", "Volcano
a p p e a r a n c e "
K e r a t o a c a n t h o m a
98
Fawn coloured patches" following vacation
Pityriasis Versicolor
99
Herald lesion, "fir-tree distribution
Pityriasis Rosea
100
Vesicular rash on extensors, coeliac
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
101
White fissured patches on genitalia
Lichen Planus
102
Violaceous, polygonal plaques"
Lichen planu
103
Tense, itchy blisters with oral involvement
Pemphigus vulgaris
104
Painful, e r y t h e m a t o u s shin lesions
Erythema nodosum
105
Crusty, scaled plaques on sun-exposed ski
Actinic keratosis
106
Velvety" hyperpigmented patches in
axilla/groin
Acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance
107
Dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia (confusion)
Pellagra (B3, niacin deficiency
108
Primary focal hyperhidrosis - Ist line
m a n a g e m e n t
Aluminium chloride hexahydrate
109
Patch of hair loss, "exclamation mark hairs"
Alopecia areata
110
111
Hyponatraemia + Hyperkalaemia
Addison's d i s e a s e
112
Hypernatraemia + HypOkalaemia
Hyperaldosteronism (Bilateral adrenal
hyperplasia commonest)
113
Cushing's syndrome - investigation
Overnight dexamethasone suppression test
114
Hyperaldosteronism - Ist line investigation
Plasma aldosterone/renin ratio
115
Addison's - Ist line investigation
Short synacthen test
116
Phaeochromocytoma - Ist line investigation
24 hour urinary
metanephrines/catecholamines
117
Diabetes insipidus - Ist line investigation
Fluid deprivation test
118
MENT - 3 x features?
3Ps:
HyperParathyroidism,
Pituitary Tumour,
Pancreatic tumour (insulinoma)
119
MEN2a - 3 x features?
2Ps + 1M:
HyperParathyroidism,
Phaeochromocytoma,
Medullary thyroid
c a n c e r
120
MEN2b - 3 x features?
1P + 2Ms:
Phaeochromocytoma,
Medullary
thyroid cancer,
Marfanoid +/- mucosal
n e u r o m a s
121
Carcinoid syndrome - Ist line investigation
Urinary 5-HIAA
122
Hyperthyroidism - management in
pregnancy
Ist trimester: PTU, 2-3rd trimester:
C a r b i m a z o l e
123
Acromegaly - gold standard investigation
OGTT (initial screening test = IGF-1 levels)
124
125
Bell's Palsy - Ist line management
Prednisolone 50-60mg for 10 days (+/-
aciclovir - specialist advice
126
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome - Ist line
P r e d n i s o l o n e + Aciclovir
127
Meniere's - Ist line management
(prophylaxis)
Betahistine
128
BPPV - Ist line management
Epley manoeuvre
129
Otitis externa management
Topical antibiotic + steroid
130
Croup Ist line management
Single dose oral dexamethasone
131
Bacterial tonsilitis - antibiotics of choice
Phenoxymethy|penicillin
132
Al biliary tract: Ulcerative colitis + pANCA
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
133
Al biliary tract: Middle aged woman, AMA,
IgM
Primary biliary cirrhosis
134
135
Bacterial tonsilitis - antibiotics of choice
Phenoxymethy|penicillin
136
Al biliary tract: Ulcerative colitis + pANCA
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
137
Al biliary tract: Middle aged woman, AMA,
IgM
Primary biliary cirrhosis
138
Al biliary tract: ALT/AST > ALP
Autoimmune hepatitis
139
Coeliac - Ist line investigation
Anti-TTG antibodies (IgA)
140
Coeliac - alternative antibody
Anti-endomysial antibodies (IgG)
141
Bile acid malabsorption - Ist line
management
Cholestyramine
142
Wilson's disease - Ist line investigatio
Reduced serum caeruloplasmin
143
Hepatic encephalpathy - initial
management
Lactulose
144
SBP prophylaxis
Ciprofloxacin/ norfloxacin
145
146
H. Pylori eradication regime
PAC (PPI, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin)
147
Anal fissue - Ist line management
Topical 0.4% GTN ointment
148
Anal fissure - 2nd line management
Topical diltiazem 2%
149
Diverticulitis - antibiotic of choice
Co-amoxiclav
150
Haemorrhoids - non-surgical
management
Rubber band ligation
151
Pancreatitis - initial investigation
Serum amylase or lipase
152
Volvulus AXR sign
"Coffee bean appearance
153
154
Al biliary tract: ALT/AST > ALP
Autoimmune hepatitis
155
Anti-TTG antibodies (IgA)
Coeliac - Ist line investigation
156
Coeliac - alternative antibody
Anti-endomysial antibodies (IgG
157
Bile acid malabsorption - Ist line
management
Cholestyramine
158
Wilson's disease - Ist line investigatio
Reduced serum caeruloplasmin
159
Hepatic encephalpathy - initial
L a c t u l o s e
management
160
B12 & Folate deficiency blood film
Hypersegmented neutrophils
161
163
164
B12 deficiency - antibody investigation
Serum anti-intrinsic factor antibody (pernicious
anaemia)
165
Diagnosis of Von Willebrand's
PFA-100
166
Factor 5 Leiden pathophysiology
Activated protein C resistance
167
Interim anticoagulation PE/DVT
Apixaban or rivaroxaban are now ist line (not
LMWH)
168
Complications of... vincristine
Peripheral neuropathy
169
Complications of.. doxorubicin
Cardiac toxicity
170
Complications of... bleomycin
Pulmonary fibrosis or toxicity
171
Complication of cyclophosphamide
Hemorrhagic cystitis
172
What should be prescribed with
cyclophosphamide?
MESNA (sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate)
173
Auer rods on blood film - diagnosis?
AML
174
t (9;22) Philadelphia chromosome - diagnosis?
CML
175
T r e a t m e n t o f C M L
Imatinib
176
Smudge cells on blood film - diagnosis
CLL
177
? Reed-sternberg cell on blood film - diagnosis
Hodgkin's lymphoma
178
Diagnosis of amyloidosis?
Biopsy with congo red staining
179
Hereditary h a e m o c h r o m a t o s i s - Ist line
m a n a g e m e n t
Venesection (target TSAT ‹ 50%)
180
Tear drop poikilocytes (dacrocytes) on film -
diagnosis?
Myelofibrosis
181
Darrier's sign (induced wheal reaction)
Systemic mastocytosis
182
H u m a n or animal bite - antibiotic
C o - a m o x i c l a v
183
C.diff - Ist line t r e a t m e n t ?
PO vancomycin 125mg QDS (10 days)
184
185
186
Fair hair, 'musty' urine, seizures, LD
Phenylketonuria
187
Tall. G v n a e c o m a s t i a . s m a l l
t e s t e s
Klinefelter svndrome - 47XXY
188
Mild LD, behavioural challenges, obesity,
appetite++
Prader-Willi syndrome - Deletion
chromosome 15
189
Rocker-bottom feet + overriding fingers
' c l e n c h e d fists'
Edward's syndrome - Trisomy 18
190
CMPA - management if not breastfeeding
Extensively hydrolysed formula
191
Ist line management primary nocturnal
e n u r e s i s
Enuresis alarm
192
Diagnostic investigation for Hirschprung's
d i s e a s e
Rectal biopsy
193
Management of suspected Wilms
nephroblastoma
Very urgent (48hr) referral to paediatrics
194
Management of intussusception
Therapeutic enema
195
Sausage shaped mass" + "redcurrant jelly"
d i a r r h o e a
Intussusception
196
Olive shaped mass" + projectile vomiting
Pyloric stenosis
197
Diagnosis investigation for cystic fibrosis
Sweat test
198
Ist line management of Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)
Macrolide: Clarithromycin/Erythromycin
199
Ist line management of croup
Single dose dexamethasone
200
Seal-like", barking cough - diagnosis?
Croup (parainfluenza
201
6 months, bilateral wheeze/creps -
diagnosis
Bronchiolitis (RSV)
202
POAG - 1st line m a n a g e m e n t if SLT
refused/fails
Latanoprost (prostaglandin analogue)
203
POAG - Ist line management
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT)
204
sudden loss of vision + Fundoscopy - Retinal
haemorrhages
Central retinal vein occlusion
205
Fundoscopy - Cherry red spot, pale retina -
diagnosis?
Central retinal artery occlusion
206
C a t a r a c t - Ist line m a n a g e m e n t
Phacoemulsification
207
Blepharitis - Ist line m a n a g e m e n t
Self-care measures - warm compressions
208
Suspected ARMD - initial investigation
Optical coherence tomography
209
Suspected ovarian cancer, lst line investigation
Ca-125 - if › 35 arrange urgent US abdo/pelvis
210
Induction of Labour, Bishop score ‹ 7
Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2)
211
US finding, pregnancy 'snowstorm' or 'bunch of
grapes'
Molar pregnancy
212
Management of Bartholin's cyst
Marsupialisation
213
Diagnostic investigation - Asherman's
syndrome
Hysteroscopy
214
Tubal patency test - history PID/endometriosis
Diagnostic laparoscopy with dye
215
Tubal patency test - no comorbidities
Hysterosalpingography
216
HRT - Genitourinary syndrome
Low dose vaginal oestrogen
217
218
HRT - Uterus intact, LMP › 1 year ago
Continuous c o m b i n e d HRT
219
HRT - Uterus intact, LMP ‹ 1 year a g o
Sequential combined HRT
220
HRT - n o u t e r u s ?
Oestrogen-only HRT
221
Stress incontinence - 2nd/ 3rd line treatment
Surgery / Duloxetine
222
S t r e s s i n c o n t i n e n c e - Ist line t r e a t m e n t
Pelvic floor exercises
223
Urgency incontinence - 2nd/3rd line treatment
Oxybutynin, tolteridone, mirabegron
224
Urgency incontinence - Ist line treatment
Bladder training program
225
Diagnostic investigation for endometriosis
Laparoscopy
226
Ist line treatment of menorrhagia
ING-IUS (mirena)
227
Ist line treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea
NSAID or COCP
228
Ist line investigation for suspected Turner
syndrome
Karyotyping (45X0)
229
Treatment of chronic paroxysmal
hemicrania
In d o m e t h a c i n
230
Prophylaxis of cluster headache
Verapamil
231
T r e a t m e n t of c l u s t e r h e a d a c h e
Subcutaneous sumatriptan + High-flow 02
232
)
Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
233
234
Prophylaxis of migraine
Propranolol (or topiramate - teratogenic)
235
Parkinsonism + 'alien hand' - diagnosis?
Corticobasal degeneration
236
Treatment of migraine
Treatment of migraine sumatriptan + simple analgesia
237
238
Parkinsonism + vertical gaze impairment,
falls - diagnosis
Progressive supranuclear palsy
239
Parkinsonism + autonomic dysfunction -
diagnosis
Multiple system atrophy
240
Myasthenia gravis - Ist line treatment
Pyridostigmine (AChesterase inhibitor)
241
GBS - most important investigation
FVC (respiratory compromise)
242
243
Myasthenia gravis - Ist line investigation
Anti-Acetylcholine receptor antibodies
244
High-Yield MSRA Clincher
Treatments (2) for MND
Riluzole
NIV
245
H u m a n or animal bite - antibiotic?
C o - a m o x i c l a v
246
C.diff - Ist line t r e a t m e n t
PO vancomycin 125mg QDS (10 days
247
Prostatitis - antibiotic?
Ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin
248
Schistosomiasis - t r e a t m e n t ?
Praziquantel
249
Gonorrhoea - antibiotic?
IM Cefotaxime Ig stat
250
Trichomoniasis - antibiotic?
Metronidazole
251
Chlamydia - antibiotic?
Doxycycline 100mg BD for 1 week
252
Bacterial vaginosis - antibiotic?
Metronidazole
253
Erythema migrans - diagnosis, management
Bullseye rash = Lyme - doxycycline 100mg BD
21 days
254
Syphilis - antibiotic?
IM benzathine benzylpenicillin
255
Th r e a d w o r m - t r e a t m e n t
Mebendazole
256
Pyelonephritis - antibiotic?
Cefalexin or ciprofloxacin
257
Central black eschar - diagnosis and
antibiotic?
Anthrax - ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
258
Cellulitis near eye or nose - antibiotic
C o - a m o x i c l a v
259
Osteomyelitis - antibiotic?
Flucloxacillin
260
Sinusitis - a n t i b i o t i c of c h o i c e ?
Phenoxymethy|penicillin
261
