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Pathophysiology Test 1 > Reviews and class notes > Flashcards

Reviews and class notes Flashcards

0
Q

Form of Necrosis commonly seen in injuries of the CNS

A

Liquefactive necrosis

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1
Q

A form of Necrosis associated with TB?

A

Caseous Necrosis

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2
Q

Metaplasia

A
  1. Replacement of one cell type with another
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3
Q

Gas Gangrene

A

Necrosis caused by clostridium

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4
Q

Characteristics of Cancer Cells

A
  1. Poorly differentiated
  2. Metastasis
  3. Infiltrate growth mode
  4. Poor cellular cohesiveness
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5
Q

Telomeres

A
  1. Encode and repair proteins for damaged DNA

2. Cancer cells have a longer telomere cap at the ends of DNA which makes the CA cell immortal

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6
Q

Known Routes of metastasis include

A
  1. Lymphatic Spread

2. Blood stream dissemination

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7
Q

Sequence of Carcinogenesis

A
  1. Several Mutagenic Hits to the DNA
  2. Reactivation of telomerase
  3. Development of immortal cells
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8
Q

What is the #1 nursing priority with a patient that just came onto the floor after lung resection

A
  1. Maintain Airway patent
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9
Q

PUS in the inflammatory response

A
  1. If you see pus, the inflammatory process has already been going on for a while!
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10
Q

Inflammatory Response

-to toxins

A
  1. Inflammatory response DISSOLVES substances (toxins) and bacteria that come into the body from cellular injury
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11
Q

Mast Cells Can Degranulate by:

A
  1. A substance touching the mast cell

2. Chemical components talking to the mast cell

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12
Q

Mast Cell Degranulation

A
  1. Can ignite inflammatory process within minutes

Can compromise breathing if mast cells are in the lungs

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13
Q

Macrophage

A
  1. Engulf cellular debris
  2. Present foreign proteins or antigens to lymphocytes
  3. Found throughout the body
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14
Q

Cytokines

A
  1. Increase the bactericidal effects of macrophages
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15
Q

Neutrophils

A
  1. 1st white blood cell to arrive at site of tissue injury/infection
  2. If neutrophil count is elevated above other CBC count, it may be a sign of an infection that just started
  3. Live 24 hrs then turn into pus
16
Q

Macrophages and Lymphocytes at the Site of Infection

A
  1. Elevated macrophages and lymphocytes are a sign of a chronic infection
17
Q

Basophils

A
  1. Protect mucosal surfaces

2. Release cell mediators that promote inflammatory response (much like mast cells)

18
Q

If Pt has infection…?

A
  1. There was a lack of recognition of the pathogen

2. There wasn’t a large enough Immune reaction

19
Q

Histamine

A
  1. Released by Mast Cells
  2. Constriction of large blood vessels
  3. Dilation of post capillary venules
  4. Increasing vascular permeability
20
Q

H1 Receptor Blockers

A
  1. Benadryl
21
Q

H2 Receptor Blockers

A

Protonix

22
Q

What are Vascular Effects R/T Inflammation

A
  1. Vasodilation

2. Increased vascular permeability

23
Q

Cytokines & Chemokines

A
  1. Proteins that affect other cells
  2. May be pro or anti-inflammatory
  3. Bind to appropriate target cells
24
Q

Bacterial Infection & Fever

A
  1. Usually bacterial infections cause HIGH FEVERS
25
Q

Temperature and infection

A
  1. Bacterial Infection induces high fever

2. Viral infection induces low grade fever

26
Q

Shivering and Temperature

A
  1. When a patient is shivering the Pt’s Temp is going up
27
Q

TB is transmitted by?

A
  1. Inhalation of infected droplets
28
Q

Anti-tuberculin medication for active TB. How long will treatment last?

A

6-9 months

29
Q

TB is?

A
  1. Caused by aerobic bacillus
  2. May affect other organs (Myalary TB)
  3. Anti-bodies may be detected through skin test
30
Q

What cells can clone themselves

A
  1. T & B Cells
31
Q

Plasma Cells

-Another name

A

Plasma Cells

32
Q

Safety precautions for TB PT

A
  1. HEPA N95 mask

2. Negative airflow room

33
Q

Attenuated Vaccine

A
  1. Weakened live Virus to induce immune response

Don’t give live bacteria

34
Q

Attenuated Virus

-Contraindication

A
  1. Weakened immune system

2. Children under the age of 2

35
Q

MRSA

A
  1. Flesh eating bacteria

2. Treated with Vancomycin

Pathophysiology Test 1 (10 decks)

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