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Pathophysiology Test 1 > Cancer Epidemiology: Lung Cancer: Class 3 > Flashcards

Cancer Epidemiology: Lung Cancer: Class 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Lung Cancer

A
  1. Bronchogenic Carcinoma

NOT
1. sarcoma, lymphoma, blastoma, hematomas or mesothelioma

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1
Q

Epigenetic’s

A
  1. A change in the expression of the gene or phenotype that is heritable but does not involve DNA mutation
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2
Q

Lung Cancer & Death

A
  1. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death

2. 5 Year survival rate is about 20%

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3
Q

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

A
  1. Accounts for 75-85% of all lung cancers
    - Squamous Cell
    - Adenocarcinoma
    - Large Cell Carcinoma
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4
Q

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

-Squamous Cell

A
  1. 30% of lung cancer
  2. Slow Growth rate
  3. Commonly linked to a history of smoking
  4. Tends to be found centrally, near bronchus
  5. Atelactasis (collapsing lung) / pneumonia / hemoptysis (coughing blood)
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5
Q

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

-Adenocarcinoma

A
  1. 35-40%
  2. Moderate growth rate
  3. Asymptomatic manifestations
    - pt may present w/ pleuritic chest pain and SOB
  4. Usually found in the outer region of the lung
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6
Q

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

-Large Cell

A
  1. Almost as bad as small cell
  2. Rapid growth rate
  3. Cell has lost all evidence of differentiation
  4. Can appear in any part of the lung
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7
Q

Neuroendocrine Tumors

-Small Cell Carcinoma

A
  1. 20% / most common type of neuroendocrine lung tumors
  2. Very Rapid growth rate
  3. Spread rapidly
  4. Arise from bronchial mucosa
  5. MOST DEADLY OF THE CANCERS
    - most likely to metastasize and goes to lymph and spreads all over (very early and widespread
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8
Q

Lung Cancer

-Clinical Manifestations

A
  1. Cough
  2. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
  3. Airway obstruction
  4. Pleural effusion
  5. Chest wall pain
  6. Dyspnea
  7. Localized wheezing
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9
Q

Lung CA

-Diagnostic Tests

A
  1. Chest x-ray
  2. Sputum cytologic studies
  3. CT scan
  4. Bronchoscopy
  5. Biopsy
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10
Q

TNM Classification

A
  1. T - primary Tumor
  2. N - nodal involvement
  3. M - Extent of Metastisis
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11
Q

Reducing Risk of Lung Cancer

A
  1. Only way to reduce risk of lung cancer is the cessation of smoking
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12
Q

Nursing Consideration

-Lung Cancer

A
  1. Maintain and manage airway
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13
Q

Lung CA

-Diagnostic Tests

A
  1. Chest x-ray
  2. Sputum cytologic study
  3. CT scan
  4. Bronchoscopy
  5. Biopsy
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14
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Squamous Cell
(Metastasis)

A
  1. Late

- mostly to hilar lymph nodes

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15
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Squamous Cell
(Means of Dx)

A
  1. Biopsy
  2. Sputum analysis
  3. Bronchoscopy
16
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Squamous Cell
(Clinical Manifestations)

A
  1. Cough
  2. Hemoptysis
  3. Sputum production
  4. Airway obstruction
  5. Hypercalcemia
17
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Squamous Cell
(Treatment)

A
  1. Surgical resection

2. Chemo and radiation as adjunctive therapy

18
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Adenocarcinoma
(Metastasis)

A
  1. Early metastasis
    - to lymph nodes
    - pleura
    - bone
    - adrenal glands
    - brain
19
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Adenocarcinoma
(Dx)

A
  1. Radiography
  2. fiberoptic bronchoscopy
  3. electron microscopy
20
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Adenocarcinoma
(Clinical Manifestations)

A
  1. Pleural effusion
21
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Adenocarcinoma
(Treatment)

A
  1. Surgical resection

2. Chemotherapy as adjunctive therapy

22
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Large Cell Carcinoma
(Metastasis)

A
  1. Rapid growth

- Early and Widespread metastasis

23
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Large Cell Carcinoma
(Dx)

A
  1. Sputum analysis
  2. Bronchoscopy
  3. electron microscopy
    - by exclusion of other cell types
24
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Large Cell Carcinoma
(Clinical Manifestations)

A
  1. Chest Wall pain
  2. Pleural effusion
  3. Cough
  4. Sputum production
  5. Hemoptysis
  6. Airway obstruction resulting in pneumonia
25
Q

Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
-Large Cell Carcinoma
(Treatment)

A
  1. Treated Surgically
26
Q

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung
-Small Cell Carcinoma
(Metastasis)

A
  1. Very rapid Growth
  2. Very early metastasis to:
    - mediastinum
    - lymph nodes
    - brain
    - bone marrow
27
Q

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung
-Small Cell Carcinoma
(Dx)

A
  1. Radiography
  2. Sputum analysis
  3. Bronchoscopy
  4. Electron microscopy
  5. Immunohistochemistry
28
Q

Lung Cancer

-Starts in…

A
  1. Almost all lung cancer start in the EPITHELIUM of the cells
29
Q

Lung Cancer & Tumor-Suppressor Gene

A
  1. The MOST COMMON genetic abnormality associated with lung CA is loss of the Tumor Suppressor Gene
30
Q

Chemotherapy and Cancer TEST

A
  1. Chemotherapy does not eradicated all cancer cells
    - Only kills the ones that are dividing

Helps eradicate MOST of the cancer cells that are dividing
-body takes care of the rest

31
Q

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung
-Small Cell Carcinoma
(Clinical Manifestations)

A
  1. Cough
  2. Chest Pain
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Hemoptysis
  5. localized wheezing
  6. Airway obstruction
  7. S/S of excessive hormone secretion
32
Q

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung
-Small Cell Carcinoma
(Treatment)

A
  1. Chemotherapy and ionizing radiation to thorax and CNS

Pathophysiology Test 1 (10 decks)

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