Reviewer Flashcards
Which civilization is credited with the beginning of agriculture around 10,000 BCE?
Early Fertile Crescent societies
What was the Neolithic Revolution primarily known for?
The shift from hunter-gatherer societies to settled farming communities
Which early agricultural society is known for introducing irrigation and plow agriculture?
Sumerians
What was one of the major agricultural advancements during the Roman Empire?
Introduction of the iron plow
Which period is associated with significant agricultural innovations in Han China?
1,000 BCE – 500 CE
Who is known as the “Father of the Green Revolution”?
Norman Borlaug
What did the Islamic Agricultural Revolution introduce to Europe and Asia?
Advanced irrigation techniques and new crops such as rice and sugarcane
What was a key feature of medieval European agriculture?
The development of the three-field crop rotation system
Which event led to the exchange of crops, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds?
The Columbian Exchange
Who invented the seed drill, a significant agricultural advancement?
Jethro Tull
What was the primary goal of the Agricultural Revolution in Britain?
To increase agricultural productivity and efficiency
Which technology was NOT part of the Industrialization of Agriculture in the 19th and early 20th centuries?
Row cultivation
What is one of the key features of modern agriculture?
Use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Which organization is known for promoting sustainable agricultural practices globally?
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
What was the impact of the Green Revolution on global agriculture?
Increase in food production through high-yielding crop varieties and advanced techniques
Who were the key figures in the early development of modern mechanized agriculture?
John Deere and Cyrus McCormick
What significant change occurred during the Medieval European agriculture period?
Adoption of the three-field rotation system
Which crops were introduced to Europe through the Columbian Exchange?
Potatoes and maize
What was a major agricultural advancement of the Islamic Agricultural Revolution?
The development of advanced irrigation techniques
Which technological innovation was a key feature of the Agricultural Revolution in Britain?
The introduction of the mechanical reaper
What was a primary crop cultivated by indigenous Filipinos before Spanish colonization?
Rice
Which colonial power introduced cash crops such as sugarcane and tobacco to the Philippines?
*
Spanish
What was the purpose of the encomienda system established by the Spanish in the Philippines?
*
To collect tribute and provide protection
Which American reform aimed to encourage private land ownership among Filipinos?
*
Public Land Act of 1902
What significant agricultural institution was established in 1909 during the American period?
*
University of the Philippines College of Agriculture
Which high-yielding rice variety, developed in the 1960s, was known as “Miracle Rice”?
IR8
What major agrarian reform program was initiated in 1988 under Republic Act No. 6657?
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
Who was the first director of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)?
Dr. Robert Chandler
Which decree, issued during Martial Law, aimed to provide rice and corn lands to tenant farmers?
Presidential Decree No. 27
Which of the following was NOT a major challenge faced by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
Excessive funding
What is the focus of the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) under the Rice Tariffication Law (RA 11203)?
Enhancing rice production competitiveness
Which Filipino agricultural figure emphasized “New Thinking for Agriculture” in recent years?
Secretary William Dar
What was one of the primary crops introduced by the Spanish colonizers to the Philippines?
Coffee
What is the primary purpose of the Department of Agriculture (DA) in the Philippines?
To enhance food security and modernize agriculture
Which agricultural reform law aimed to protect tenant farmers’ rights in the 1950s?
Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954
What is one major challenge facing Philippine agriculture today?
Aging farmer population
During which period was the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) founded?
Post-War Period
What was a major focus of the Green Revolution in the Philippines?
Increasing high-yielding rice varieties
What organization was established to oversee agrarian reform programs during Martial Law?
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
Which term refers to the agricultural practice of clearing land by burning vegetation?
Slash-and-burn (Kaingin)
What is the fundamental characteristic of capitalism?
Private ownership of the means of production
Which economic system relies on decentralized, competitive, and voluntary decisions for economic planning?
Capitalism
What is the essential feature that drives capitalism?
The motive to make a profit
What is the primary advantage of capitalism in resource allocation?
Efficient allocation of capital resources
Which system is characterized by the state ownership and management of the vital means of production?
Socialism
What is one of the cons associated with capitalism?
Incentives for corruption
Who primarily benefits from capitalism?
Investors
Which economic system is known for creating social inequalities and wealth disparities?
Capitalism
What drives innovation in a capitalist system?
Competition
What distinguishes capitalism from free enterprise?
Ownership of production factors
Agriculture as an industry primarily focuses on:
Commercial-scale production and distribution
The primary importance of agriculture to the Philippine economy is:
Food security and livelihoods
Which of the following is NOT a key sector of Philippine agriculture:
Manufacturing
A major challenge faced by the Philippine agricultural industry is:
Natural disasters
Agricultural science involves the study of:
Economic, social, and environmental factors
Biotechnology in agriculture is used for:
Developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Precision agriculture utilizes:
GPS, sensors, and data analysis
Agricultural research and development is conducted by:
Government institutions, universities, and private sector
Agriculture as a profession encompasses roles such as:
Scientists, engineers, and marketers
The primary goal of agricultural education is to:
Prepare individuals for careers in agriculture
Agricultural extension workers primarily focus on:
Educating farmers on new techniques
The Philippine Society for Agricultural Science (PSAS) is a professional organization for:
Agricultural scientists and researchers
Sustainable farming practices aim to:
Conserve natural resources
Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture because of:
Reduced crop yields and livestock productivity
The future of Philippine agriculture depends on:
Investing in research and development
