Review Study Guide: Miltenberger Chapter 6 - Punishment

Question 1

Time out is an example of ____ punishment.

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

A naturally punishing stimulus is a(n)

Answer 2

unconditioned punisher

Question 3

A _____ is a consequence that follows a behavior, making the behavior less likely to occur in the future.

Answer 3

x punishment

Question 4

_______ is the process in which a stimulus is delivered following a behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 4

positive punishment

Question 5

When a punisher is delivered following a target behavior, the target behavior will ____ in the future.

Answer 5

increase

Question 6

Punishment by withdrawal is another name for ____ punishment.

Answer 6

negative

Question 7

Nicholas used to come home late for supper until his parents started to take away a dollar of his allowance every time he was late. Nicholas’s behavior of coming home late decreased to zero. This is an example of what form of negative punishment?

Answer 7

response cost

Question 8

The difference between positive and negative punishment is whether the consequence of the behavior involves the
______ or ____ of a stimulus.

Hint: put the answers in alphabetical order

Answer 8

presentation
removal

Question 9

Punishment by application is another name for ____ punishment.

Answer 9

positive

Question 10

A stimulus that is punishing because it was paired with another punisher is a

Answer 10

conditioned punishment

Question 11

_____ is the process in which a stimulus is removed following a behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 11

negative punishment

Question 12

If following the behavior, the reinforcer that was maintaining the behavior is removed and the behavior decreases it is called ______ .

If a positive reinforcer the person had already acquired is removed following the behavior and the behavior decreases it is called ____ .​

Answer 12

extinction
negative punishment

Question 13

Punishment can be defined by whether the consequence appears unfavorable or unpleasant.

True
False

Answer 13

False

Question 14

 A more intense punisher will be less effective.

True
False

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Negative punishment involves the delivery of a negative stimulus following the behavior.

True
False

Answer 15

False

Question 16

The removal of a stimulus following the behavior that influences the future probability of the behavior is a process that is either _____ or _____.

Answer 16

negative punishment
negative reinforcement

Question 17

Which of the following can become a conditioned punisher?​

​facial expressions
threats
all of these
​the word “no”

Answer 17

all of these

Question 18

Amaya was removed from class because she swore at her teacher. As a result of being removed from class activities, Amaya continues to swear at her teacher. This is an example of:​

​negative punishment
​none of the above
​positive punishment
​positive reinforcement

Answer 18

none of these

Question 19

The behavior modification definition of punishment can be quite different than a nonprofessional definition of punishment.

True
False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The difference between punishment and reinforcement is that in punishment:​

​a stimulus is presented following behavior

​the behavior decreases in the future

​a stimulus is removed following behavior

​the behavior increases in the future

Answer 20

​the behavior decreases in the future

Question 21

For punishment to be most effective, the behavior should be followed by a punisher every time it occurs.

True
False

Answer 21

True

Question 22

A conditioned punisher is established by:

​pairing a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer

​following the behavior with a punisher

​pairing a neutral stimulus with a punisher

​removing a reinforcer for the behavior

Answer 22

​pairing a neutral stimulus with a punisher

Question 23

Which of the following may function as a motivating operation?​

satiation
deprivation
instructions
​all of these

Answer 23

all of these

Question 24

Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost both:​

​involve the presentation of an aversive stimulus

​are examples of negative reinforcement

​involve the loss of access to reinforcers

​strengthen a behavior

Answer 24

​involve the loss of access to reinforcers

Question 25

If a stimulus needs to be paired with an established punisher in order to function as a punisher it is referred to as a(n):​ ​conditioned punisher ​unconditioned punisher ​unconditioned reinforcer ​conditioned reinforcer

Answer 25

​conditioned punisher

Question 26

A consequence can be considered a punisher if the:​ ​consequence is extreme ​behavior decreases temporarily consequence appears unfavorable ​behavior decreases in the future

Answer 26

​behavior decreases in the future

Question 27

Noel is caught lying to her parents and loses her driving privileges. As a result, Noel no longer lies to her parents. This is an example of:​ ​extinction ​positive punishment ​negative reinforcement ​negative punishment

Answer 27

​negative punishment

Question 28

Samika skips school so that she can play video games at the arcade. Samika’s parents find her there and make her mow the lawn when they get home. As a result of having to mow the lawn, Samika doesn’t skip school to go to the arcade anymore. Having to do something she dislikes as punisher for the problem behavior is an example of:​ ​extinction the Premack Principle ​negative punishment ​negative reinforcement

Answer 28

the Premack Principle

Question 29

Extreme cold and extreme levels of auditory stimulation are examples of:​ ​conditioned reinforcers ​unconditioned reinforcers ​conditioned punishers ​unconditioned punishers

Answer 29

​unconditioned punishers

Question 30

In behavior modification, the term punishment is used to refer to a process in which the consequence of a behavior results in:​ ​all of these ​a weakening of the behavior retaliation for the behavior ​retribution for the behavior

Answer 30

​a weakening of the behavior

Question 31

 Nikki interrupts her parents when they are talking and her parents scold her and explain why interrupting is rude. As a result, Nikki continues to interrupt her parents when they are talking. This is an example of:​ ​negative reinforcement ​positive reinforcement ​none of these ​positive punishment

Answer 31

positive reinforcement

Question 32

If a behavior occurs and it is immediately followed by a consequence that makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future it is called:​ ​none of these ​negative reinforcement ​punishment ​extinction

Answer 32

​punishment

Question 33

Positive punishment involves the removal of a positive stimulus following the behavior. True False

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Punishment does not involve an extinction burst. True False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Bartholomew spits on an umpire during a baseball game and is suspended for ten games. As a result of being suspended, Bartholomew never spits on an umpire again. Being suspended for his behavior of spitting is referred to as a: punisher punishment ​conditioned response ​reinforcer

Answer 35

punisher

Question 36

For punishment to be most effective, the consequences must follow the behavior immediately. True False

Answer 36

True

Question 37

 The principles of reinforcement and punishment are alike in that:​ (Select all that apply.) the consequence influences future behavior all of these ​behavior is followed by a consequence behavior is strengthened

Answer 37

the consequence influences future behavior ​behavior is followed by a consequence

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a problem with using punishment in behavior modification?​ It may be negatively reinforcing. ​It can lead to escape behaviors. ​It is used to harm individuals. ​It may evoke emotional reactions.

Answer 38

​It is used to harm individuals.

Question 39

Zach comes home past his curfew and is yelled at by his parents. If, as a result of being yelled at, Zach never comes home late again it would be an example of: ​negative reinforcement ​negative punishment positive punishment ​positive reinforcement

Answer 39

positive punishment

Question 40

 In behavior modification, negative punishment involves removal of a reinforcer that:​ ​none of these x ​was maintaining the behavior ​the person had already acquired ​the client doesn’t like