Chapter Chapter 8 MB

Question 1

In ____________ conditioning a response is emitted, and conditioning involves a contingency between the response and the consequence.​

respondent
classical
​Pavlovian
operant

Answer 1

operant

Question 2

The behavior that is elicited by the presence of an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is referred to as __________ behavior.​

respondent
operant
automatic
learned

Answer 2

respondent

Question 3

Spontaneous recovery occurs when​:

​the behavior is no longer reinforced

​a CS elicits a CR in the future after respondent extinction had taken place

​a neutral stimulus can elicit a CR after one pairing with a US
​
the CS is no longer paired with the US

Answer 3

​a CS elicits a CR in the future after respondent extinction had taken place

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a conditioned emotional response?​

fear
anger
happiness
​all of these

Answer 4

all

Question 5

When a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus due to pairing with an already established conditioned stimulus, it is called ____________ conditioning.​

​first-order
higher-order
operant
instrumental

Answer 5

higher order

Question 6

Another name for respondent conditioning is:

​instrumental conditioning
​classical conditioning
​operant conditioning
​verbal conditioning

Answer 6

​classical conditioning

Question 7

In ____________ conditioning, a response is elicited by an antecedent stimulus, and conditioning involves the pairing of two stimuli.​

operant
respondent
instrumental
none of these

Answer 7

respondent

Question 8

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the strength of respondent conditioning?​

temporal relationship between the NS and US
contingency between the NS and US
number of pairings of the NS and US
formal relationship between the NS and US

Answer 8

formal relationship between the NS and US

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned response?​

​an eye blink in response to a puff of air in the eye
pupil constriction due to bright light in the eye
salivation in response to food in the mouth
salivation in response to the sound of a dinner bell

Answer 9

salivation in response to the sound of a dinner bell

Question 10

Following extinction, a conditioned stimulus is presented and the conditioned response occurs.  This process is referred to as:​

​backward conditioning
​reverse extinction
​spontaneous recovery
reinforcement

Answer 10

​spontaneous recovery

Question 11

Which type of conditioning is it if the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the neutral stimulus ends?​

delay x
trace
backward
concurrent

Question 12

When the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same time it is called ____________ conditioning.​

trace
simultaneous
​delay
backward

Answer 12

simultaneous

Question 13

Which of the possible temporal relationships between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is least likely to be effective?

​delay conditioning
​backward conditioning
​trace conditioning
​simultaneous conditioning

Answer 13

​backward conditioning

Question 14

If a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response similar to the unconditioned response as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, ____________ conditioning has occurred.​

​respondent
​operant
​instrumental
​all of these

Answer 14

respondent

Question 15

 In order for respondent conditioning to be most effective, the neutral stimulus should occur ____________ the unconditioned stimulus occurs.​

after
at the same time
​before
more often than

Answer 15

before

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of a conditioned response?

​a positive emotional response when a man smells his girlfriend’s perfume
startle response in response to the sight of a gun
​fear response (autonomic arousal) when walking down a dark street
​startle response in response to loud noise

Answer 16

​startle response in response to loud noise

Question 17

The ____________ pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus has the single strongest effect on respondent conditioning.​

​initial
final
second
next to last

Answer 17

initial

Question 18

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the strength of respondent conditioning?​

temporal relationship between the NS and US
contingency between the NS and US
number of pairings of the NS and US
formal relationship between the NS and US

Answer 18

formal relationship between the NS and US

Question 19

In which temporal relationship between the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus is the unconditioned stimulus presented after the neutral stimulus ends?​

​delay conditioning
​simultaneous conditioning
​trace conditioning
​backward conditioning

Answer 19

​trace conditioning

Question 20

As a result of being paired with a loud noise, a flashing light has come to elicit a startle reflex.  When the flashing light is repeatedly presented without the loud noise, the startle reflex eventually stops occurring.  This process in which a conditioned stimulus is no longer able to elicit a conditioned response is referred to as:​

​respondent extinction
​secondary conditioning
​operant extinction
​reverse conditioning

Answer 20

​respondent extinction

Question 21

The behavior that is elicited by the presence of an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is referred to as __________ behavior.​
respondent
operant
automatic
learned

Answer 21

respondent

Question 22

Which type(s) of respondent conditioning is(are) generally most effective?​

(Select all that apply.)

trace
delay
simultaneous
all of these

Answer 22

trace
delay

Question 23

A response elicited by the conditioned stimulus is referred to as a(n) ____________ response.​

​learned
​conditioned
​unconditioned
automatic

Answer 23

conditioned

Question 24

In ____________ conditioning a response is emitted, and conditioning involves a contingency between the response and the consequence.​

respondent
classical
​Pavlovian
operant

Answer 24

operant