Chapter 4 MB

Question 1

Barry throws the football into the stands after scoring a touchdown, and is cheered by the fans.  As a result, Barry is more likely to throw the ball into the stands whenever he scores a touchdown.  This is an example of:​

​satiation
​punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement

Answer 1

positive reinforcement

Question 2

Andrew wants to play baseball with his friends.  Before Andrew can play, his parents tell him that he has to clean his room, which he hates to do.  Requiring Andrew to clean his room before he can play baseball with his friends is an example of:​

punishment
negative reinforcement
escape behavior
the Premack Principle

Answer 2

the Premack Principle

Question 3

An object or event that can be detected by the senses is referred to as a:​

behavior
punisher
reinforcer
stimulus

Answer 3

stimulus

Question 4

In behavior modification, reinforcement is defined by its effect on behavior.  This is referred to as:​

the Premack Principle
an operational definition
a unique relationship
a functional definition

Answer 4

a functional definition

Question 5

Tim is just learning to read.  Which reinforcement schedule would be the most effective for him?​

continuous
​interval
​intermittent
fixed

Answer 5

continuous

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a question to ask when trying to decide whether a situation represents positive or negative reinforcement?​

Was the behavior more likely to occur?
Did the stimulus appear to be pleasant?
Was the stimulus added or removed?
What is the behavior?

Answer 6

Did the stimulus appear to be pleasant?

Question 7

The stimulus presented following the behavior in positive reinforcement is called:​

an aversive stimulus
​a positive reinforcer
a negative reinforcer
a conditioned stimulus

Answer 7

​a positive reinforcer

Question 8

On weekends, Laura comes home on time so that she is not grounded by her parents.  Coming home on time in order to avoid being grounded is an example of:
​
escape behavior
positive reinforcement
punishment
avoidance behavior

Answer 8

avoidance behavior

Question 9

All the reinforcement schedules that are in effect for a person’s behavior at one time are referred to as ______________ schedules of reinforcement.​

concurrent
mixed
simultaneous
overlapping

Answer 9

concurrent

Question 10

An intermittent schedule of reinforcement is most effective for _____________ a behavior.

changing
maintaining
learning
all of these

Answer 10

maintaining

Question 11

Mary takes out the garbage and, as a result, her parents let her watch her favorite television show.  Mary is then more likely to take out the garbage when asked.  Being able to watch her favorite television show is a ____________ for her behavior of taking out the garbage.​

reinforcer
​dependent variable
​contingency
reinforcement

Answer 11

reinforcer

Question 12

The stimulus removed or avoided following the behavior in negative reinforcement is referred to as the ___________ stimulus.​

natural
aversive
unconditioned
conditioned

Answer 12

aversive

Question 13

Which schedule of reinforcement produces high, steady rates of responding with very little interruption after delivery of the reinforcer?​

variable ratio
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed interval

Answer 13

variable ratio

Question 14

In a __________________ reinforcement schedule, the reinforcer is delivered for the first response following an average of X amount of time.​

variable interval
variable ratio
fixed ratio
fixed interval

Answer 14

variable interval

Question 15

John just ate a big Thanksgiving dinner.  When John is offered a piece of his favorite pie he declines.  The decrease in the reinforcing value of pie for John is an example of:​

satiation
​reinforcement
​extinction
deprivation

Answer 15

satiation