Review Sheet Information Flashcards
Genotype Phenotype Frequency
MM
Genotype Phenotype Frequency
MM M 28%
Genotype Phenotype Frequency
MN
Genotype Phenotype Frequency
MN MN 50%
Genotype Phenotype Frequency
NN
Genotype Phenotype Frequency
NN N 22$
MN antibodies are mostly this class
cold reactive IgM (some IgG)
MN antibodys react best at (cooler/warmer) temperatures
cooler
Do MN antibodies fix complement?
No
Are MN antibodies implicated in HDNF and HTF
rarely
Anti-M reacts best at what pH?
6.5
Do MN antibodies suffer from dosage effect?
Yes
Are MN antibodies destroyed by enzymes?
Yes
What phase and temp are MN antigens usually observed?
Initial Spin Room Temperature (or colder)
What phase and temp is anti-N usually observed?
Initial Spin Room Temperature (or colder)
S antibodies are usually what class?
IgG
What phase and temp are S antigens usually observed?
AHG
Some at 37
Do S antigens fix complement?
Yes
Are S antigens implicated in HDNF and HTR?
HDNF
Sever HTR
Are S antigens subject to the dosage effect?
No
Are S antigens destroyed by enxymes?
S (ficin and papain)
s maybe
S-s-U- individuals form
anti-U
Is anti-U implicated in HDFN and HTR?
Yes
N-U- patients form this antibody
anti-“N” (N quotes)
N-U- patients who form anti-“N” must recieve these types of cells
M+N-S-s-U-
What are the 3 main P system antigens?
P
P1
Pk
Which two blood group systems are related to the P system?
ABH
I
P antibodies are this class
IgM
P antigens react best at this temperature in this medium
RT and below
saline
Do P antigens fix complement?
Yes
Are P antigens implicated in HDFN and HTR?
No
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (Donath Landsteiner test) and spontaneous abortions are characteristics of this antibody
anti-P
Parasitic infections are a characteristic of this antibody
Anti-P1
Spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy a characteristic of this antibody
Anti-PP1Pk
Individuals resistant to infection from uropathogenic E.coli and the parvo virus are lacking
P system antigens
Storage on the P antigen leads to
rapid deterioration
Name the two main antigens in the Lutheran system and their frequency.
Lu^a: 8%
Lu^b: 99.8%
Which of these antibodies are very rare? Why
Anti-Lu^a
Anti-Lu^b
anti-Lu^b is rare because Lu^b is a high frequency antigen
Lu^a antibody class
IgM or IgG
Lu^b antibody class
IgG
Lutheran (Lu) antigens phase and temperature.
AGH
37 degrees
Do Lu antibodies fix complement?
Some
Are Lu antibodies implicated in HDNF and HTR?
Mild HDNF (antigens poorly developed at birth) Mild HTR
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
K
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
K Kell 9%
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
k
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
k Cellano 99.8%
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Kp^a
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Kp^a Penny 2% (Caucasians)
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Kp^b
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Kp^b Rautenberg 99.9%
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Js^a
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Js^a Sutter 20% (African American)
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Js^b
Kell Blood Group
Symbol Name Frequency
Js^b Matthews 99%
What are the high frequency Kell antigens?
Cellano
Rautenberg
Matthews
What are the low frequency Kell antigens?
Penny
Sutter
Kell antibody class
IgG (some are IgM in early detection)
Kell antigen phase and temperature
AHG
Some K at 37
Do Kell antigens bind complement?
20% bind complement
Are Kell antigens implicated in HDFN and HTR?
Both- sever
What is the most commonly seen immunogenic antibody after ABO and Rh?
anti-Kell
Only males suffer from this phenotype with decreased expression of k, Js^b, and Kp^b
McLeod
Syndrome that shows abnormal RBCs, reduced serum haptoglobin, spleenomegaly, muscular abnormalities, and increased Ck-MM bands
McLeod phenotype
This system is unique because it is a system of genetically determined water-soluble antigens manufactured by tissue cells and secreted into body fluids. Antigens are adsorbed from the plasma onto the RBCs
Lewis System
Lewis Blood Group System
Phenotype C AA
Le(a-b+)
Lewis Blood Group System
Phenotype C AA
Le(a-b+0 72% 55%
Lewis Blood Group System
Phenotype C AA
Le(a+b-)
Lewis Blood Group System
Phenotype C AA
Le(a+b-) 22% 23%
Lewis Blood Group System
Phenotype C AA
Le(a-b-)
Lewis Blood Group System
Phenotype C AA
Le(a-b-) 6% 22%
Which Lewis phenotype is found in newborns?
Le(a-b-)
What Lewis antigens can be found in newborn saliva?
Depending on the genes inherited, Le^a and Le^b
What Lewis antigens are detectable in newborn plasma?
None (no Le antigens on newborn RNCs)
What 3 genes are the Lewis phenotype dependent on?
ABO
Secretor
Le
Describe Le^a inheritance
ABO and Lewis gene; gene codes for L-fucosyltransferase that adds L-fucose to basic precursor substances on tissue cells= Le^a soluble substances
Describe Le^b inheritance
ABO, Lewis gene and Secretor gene; ABH, Le^a and Le^b substances in secretions
Lewis antibody class
IgM
Lews phase and temperatureq
saline
RT
Do Anti-Le^a fix complement?
Yes
Do Anti-Le^b fix complement?
No
Lewis antibodies do not cause HDNF because
Newborns have Le(a-b-) phenotype (does not cross placenta)
Name the condition where Lewis antibodies are frequently encountered and then disappear when the condition is over
Pregnancy
What substance neutralizes Lewis Blood Group Substances. Where is it found?
Lewis Blood Group Substances
saliva or plasma
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a+b-)
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a+b-) 18% 0.9%
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a+b+)
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a+b+) 49% 1.3%
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a-b+)
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a-b+) 34% 22%
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a-b-)
Duffy System
Phenotype C A
Fy(a-b-) 0.01% 68%
Duffy antibody class
IgG
Duffy phase
AHG
Duffy fix complement?
Yes
Are Duffy antibodies implicated in HDFN and HTR
HDNF Yes
HTF (sometimes delayed)
Do Duffy antigens suffer from dosage effect?
Yes
Are Duffy antigens destroyed by enzymes?
Yes
This Duffy phenotype shows resistance to Plasmodium vivax (malaria)
Fy(a-b-)
Why is the Duffy Fy(a-b-) phenotype resistant to malaria?
Merozoites can only invade Fy(a+) or Fy(b+) cells with normal antigens present (survival of the fittest)
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a+b-)
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a+b-) 26.3 51.1 23.22
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a+b+)
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a+b+) 50.3 40.8 49.94
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a-b+)
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a-b+) 23.4 8.1 26.84
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a-b-)
Kidd System
Phenotype C AA Asia
Jk(a-b-) <0.01 0.9 to .1
Kidd antibody class
IgG
Kidd reacg completion phase
AGH
Do Kidd antibodies fix complement?
Yes
How do you detect weak example of Kidd activating complement?
polyspecific AGH
Are Kidd antibodies implicated in HDNF and HTF?
Mild HDFN
HTR (DELAYED)
Name 3 reasons the Kidd system is hard to work with in Blood Bank
Shows dosage
Found in combination w/ other antibodies
Weak reactions
What are the two main antigen pairs in the Diego system?
Di^a and Di^b
Wr^a and Wr^b
What are the two main antigen pairs in the Cartwright system?
Yt^a
Yt^b
Cartwright antibody class
IgG
Do Carwright antibodies bind complement?
Yes
Carwright reaction phase
AHG
Are Cartwright antibodies implicated in HDNF and HTR?
Subclinical HDNF
No HTF
What are the two main antigens in the Xg system?
Xg^a
CD99
Xg^a antibody class
IgG
Xg^a reaction phase
AHG
Are Xg^a antibodies implicated in HDNF and HTR?
No
Name the 5 main antigens in the Scianna system
Sc1
Sc2
Sc3
Dombrock antibody class
IgG
Dombrock reaction phase
AHG
Are Dombrock antibody implicated in HDNF and HTR?
HDNF (mild or subclinical)
No HTR
Name the 5 main antigens of the Dombrock system
Do^a Do^b Hy Gy^a Jo^a
Chido/Rodgers antibody class
complement C4 component adsorbed onto membrane
Chido/Rodgers reaction phase
polyspecific AHG
Implicated in HTF?
No HTR
Anaphalyactic reactions
What are the two main antigens of the Chido/Rodgers Blood Group System?
Ch
Rg
Why are Ch and Rg so different from other red blood cell antigens
Ch and Rg are part of the 4th component of Complement, and are adsorbed on to RBC membranes. They are seen in anaphalactic reactions of complement deficient persons
Gerbich antibody class
IgG
Gerbich reaction phase
AHG
Do Gerbich antibodies fix complement?
Rarely
Are Gerbich antibodies implicated in HDNF or HTR?
No
What are the 3 main antigens of the Gerbich system
Ge2
Ge3
Ge4
What are the 11 high and low frequency antigens in the Cromer system?
High: Cr^a, Tc^a, Dr^a, Es^a, WESb, UMC, GUT1
Low: Tc^b, Tc^c, WES
Cromer antibody class
IgG
Cromer reaction phase
AHG
Are Cromer antibodies implicated in HDFN and HTR?
No HDFN
Yes HTR
Know these names Knops Indian Ok Ralph JMH
Knows Indian Ok Raph JMH
Describe the development of the I antigen
Infants rich in little i at birth, decreases in first 18 months of life. Adult cells are rich in I with trace amounts of little i
I antibody class
IgM
I reaction phase and temp
Saline
4 degrees C
Do I antibodies fix complement?
No
Are I antibodies implicated in HDFN or HTR?
No
Why is anti-I hard for the blood banker? How do you solve this?
Can mask other antibodies
Anti-I can be adsorbed out using patients enzyme treated RBCs and then plasma retested
Name 2 conditions where anti-I may be increased/present
Cold agglutinin disease
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Name one condition associated with anti-I
Infectious Mononucleosis
What is the threshold for a high incidence antigen?
90% or greater of the population has it
