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Blood Bank Test 3a > General Information and MNS Blood Group > Flashcards

General Information and MNS Blood Group Flashcards

1
Q

The International Society of Blood Transfusions classify antigens according to…

A

Blood Group Systems
Collections
Independent antigens

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2
Q

How many blood group systems are recognized?

A

30

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3
Q

How does ISBT label blood group systems?

A

ISBT 001-030

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4
Q

1 or more antigens that are controlled at a single locus or by 2 or more closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them is called a…

A

blood group system

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5
Q

Groups of antigens that have phenotypic, biochemical, or genetic relationships, but there are not enough data to demostrate independence from other systems are called

A

collections

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6
Q

Low incidence independent antigens are members of the __________ series (<1%)

A

700

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7
Q

High incidence independent antigens are members of the _________ series (>90%)

A

901

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8
Q

Obsolete antigen numbers which are retire, get ________.

A

Reclassified

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9
Q

RBC antigens (carbohydrates or proteins) are carried on what 3 types of molecules?

A

Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Proteins

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10
Q

ABO, Lewis, H, I, and P are all which type of antigens?

A

Carbohydrate

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11
Q

What can help identify carbohydrate antigens (such as ABO, Lewis, H, I, and P)?

A

The immunodominant sugar and it’s linkage

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12
Q

These carrier molecules are oriented with both the N- and C- termini inside the membrane

A

Multi-pass

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13
Q

These carrier molecules are oriented with the N-terminus outside (type 1) or inside (type 2) the membrane

A

Single-pass

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14
Q

Single pass carriers with the N terminus outside the membrane

A

Type 1

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15
Q

Single pass carriers with the N terminus inside the membrane

A

Type2

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16
Q

The linkage between protein antigens on different carrier molecules and the membrane

A

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)

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17
Q

Which phenotypes are used to study the function of carrier molecules?

A

Null

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18
Q

Mary and Nancy is used to distinguish _____ antigens because they are hard to distinguish when speaking.

A

MN Antigens

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19
Q

This was the second human blood group to be discovered.

A

MNSs Blood Group (002)

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20
Q

This duo discovered M and N antigens while injecting rabbits with human RBCs.

A

Landsteiner and Levine

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21
Q

This duo discovered the S antigen

A

Walsh and Montgomery

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22
Q

The person discovered the s antigen

A

Levine

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23
Q

This person discovered the u antigen

A

Weiner

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24
Q

The MNS system proteins are carried by …

A

2 sialoglycoproteins (SGP) molecules
OR
hybrid molecules of SGP produced by the GYPA and GYPB genes

25
Q

GYPA and GYPB produce molecules which are rich in sialic acid. These are called

A

glycophorins

26
Q

M and N antigens are carrier on glycophorin _.

A

A

27
Q

S, s, and u antigens are carried on glycophorin _.

A

B

28
Q

M and N antigens are easily detroyed by ___ and ___.

A

Ficin

Papain

29
Q

What are the 4 haplotypes (genetic combination inherited from parents) of the MNSs system (002)?

A

MS
Ms
NS
Ns

30
Q

U (universal antigen) if found in all Caucasians and __% of African Americans.

A

99.7%

31
Q

U (universal antigen) is a member of what blood group?

A

MNSs (002)

32
Q

What number does the ISBT assign the MNSs blood group system?

A

002

33
Q

To be U negative, you must be

A

S-s- (S negative, s negative)

34
Q

S-s-U- (S neg, s neg, U, neg) is called ____.

A

GPB deficiency

35
Q

GPB deficiency is caused by a deletion of __ and __.

A

GYPB

GYPE

36
Q

This verion of the N antigen is found on most cells because it GPB and GPA are very similar

A

“N” called N quotes

37
Q

Deleted genes of GPA or GPB or both result in …?

A

En(a-)

38
Q

Which antisera sources should be used to type for M & N antigens?

A

Human sources
Monoclonal sources
N lectin (Vicea graminea)

39
Q

Which plant lectin is used to type for N antigens?

A

Vicea graminea

40
Q

Are M and N antibodies naturally occuring?

A

Yes

41
Q

Anti-M antibodies are usualy found in

A

multiparous women

42
Q

Anti-M reacts best at a pH of

A

6.5

43
Q

Anti-N antibodies are usually found in

A

dialysis patients (stimulus if formaldehyde indiced)

44
Q

Do MN antibodys cause HDN?

A

They can if they are IgG, but most are IgM

45
Q

Do MN antibodys bind complement?

A

No

46
Q

Are MN antibodies enhanced by enzymes?

A

No (they are destroyed by enzymes)

47
Q

Are MN antibodies subject to the dosage effect?

A

Yes, antibodys will react more strongly to an RBC that is carrying a double dose antigen (MM or NN)

48
Q

A person who lacks and N antigen, lacks the amino-terminal end of Glycophorin B, and therefore also lacks

A

“N” antigen

49
Q

The S antigen is destroyed by

A

Ficin and Papain (not typsin)

50
Q

The s antigen is detroyed may or may not be destroyed by

A

Ficin and Papain (not typsin)

51
Q

An absent U antigen (S-s-U-) or GPB deficiency is almost exclusive to what race?

A

African Americans

52
Q

SsU antibodies are Ig_, and react best at __ degrees C

A

IgG, 37

53
Q

If you are testing anti-S and anti-s with enzyme treated cells, what would the outcome be?

A

Anti-S would NOT react

Anti-s may or may not react

54
Q

Since anti-S and anti-s are IgG antibodies, they are clinically significant because they may cause

A

HDNF

55
Q

Can anti-S and anti-s bind complement?

A

Yes

56
Q

Do anti-S antibodies show dosgae effect?

A

Yes

57
Q

Anti-En^a are what type of antibodies? Why is this significant?

A

IgG, HDNF (reacts at 37 degrees C)

58
Q

S-s- individuals are at risk of HDNF because they may form this antibody

A

anti-U (universal antigen)

59
Q

M+N-S-s-U- cells are the only options for people who are

A

N-U-

Blood Bank Test 3a (7 decks)

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