General Information and MNS Blood Group Flashcards
The International Society of Blood Transfusions classify antigens according to…
Blood Group Systems
Collections
Independent antigens
How many blood group systems are recognized?
30
How does ISBT label blood group systems?
ISBT 001-030
1 or more antigens that are controlled at a single locus or by 2 or more closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them is called a…
blood group system
Groups of antigens that have phenotypic, biochemical, or genetic relationships, but there are not enough data to demostrate independence from other systems are called
collections
Low incidence independent antigens are members of the __________ series (<1%)
700
High incidence independent antigens are members of the _________ series (>90%)
901
Obsolete antigen numbers which are retire, get ________.
Reclassified
RBC antigens (carbohydrates or proteins) are carried on what 3 types of molecules?
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Proteins
ABO, Lewis, H, I, and P are all which type of antigens?
Carbohydrate
What can help identify carbohydrate antigens (such as ABO, Lewis, H, I, and P)?
The immunodominant sugar and it’s linkage
These carrier molecules are oriented with both the N- and C- termini inside the membrane
Multi-pass
These carrier molecules are oriented with the N-terminus outside (type 1) or inside (type 2) the membrane
Single-pass
Single pass carriers with the N terminus outside the membrane
Type 1
Single pass carriers with the N terminus inside the membrane
Type2
The linkage between protein antigens on different carrier molecules and the membrane
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
Which phenotypes are used to study the function of carrier molecules?
Null
Mary and Nancy is used to distinguish _____ antigens because they are hard to distinguish when speaking.
MN Antigens
This was the second human blood group to be discovered.
MNSs Blood Group (002)
This duo discovered M and N antigens while injecting rabbits with human RBCs.
Landsteiner and Levine
This duo discovered the S antigen
Walsh and Montgomery
The person discovered the s antigen
Levine
This person discovered the u antigen
Weiner
The MNS system proteins are carried by …
2 sialoglycoproteins (SGP) molecules
OR
hybrid molecules of SGP produced by the GYPA and GYPB genes
GYPA and GYPB produce molecules which are rich in sialic acid. These are called
glycophorins
M and N antigens are carrier on glycophorin _.
A
S, s, and u antigens are carried on glycophorin _.
B
M and N antigens are easily detroyed by ___ and ___.
Ficin
Papain
What are the 4 haplotypes (genetic combination inherited from parents) of the MNSs system (002)?
MS
Ms
NS
Ns
U (universal antigen) if found in all Caucasians and __% of African Americans.
99.7%
U (universal antigen) is a member of what blood group?
MNSs (002)
What number does the ISBT assign the MNSs blood group system?
002
To be U negative, you must be
S-s- (S negative, s negative)
S-s-U- (S neg, s neg, U, neg) is called ____.
GPB deficiency
GPB deficiency is caused by a deletion of __ and __.
GYPB
GYPE
This verion of the N antigen is found on most cells because it GPB and GPA are very similar
“N” called N quotes
Deleted genes of GPA or GPB or both result in …?
En(a-)
Which antisera sources should be used to type for M & N antigens?
Human sources
Monoclonal sources
N lectin (Vicea graminea)
Which plant lectin is used to type for N antigens?
Vicea graminea
Are M and N antibodies naturally occuring?
Yes
Anti-M antibodies are usualy found in
multiparous women
Anti-M reacts best at a pH of
6.5
Anti-N antibodies are usually found in
dialysis patients (stimulus if formaldehyde indiced)
Do MN antibodys cause HDN?
They can if they are IgG, but most are IgM
Do MN antibodys bind complement?
No
Are MN antibodies enhanced by enzymes?
No (they are destroyed by enzymes)
Are MN antibodies subject to the dosage effect?
Yes, antibodys will react more strongly to an RBC that is carrying a double dose antigen (MM or NN)
A person who lacks and N antigen, lacks the amino-terminal end of Glycophorin B, and therefore also lacks
“N” antigen
The S antigen is destroyed by
Ficin and Papain (not typsin)
The s antigen is detroyed may or may not be destroyed by
Ficin and Papain (not typsin)
An absent U antigen (S-s-U-) or GPB deficiency is almost exclusive to what race?
African Americans
SsU antibodies are Ig_, and react best at __ degrees C
IgG, 37
If you are testing anti-S and anti-s with enzyme treated cells, what would the outcome be?
Anti-S would NOT react
Anti-s may or may not react
Since anti-S and anti-s are IgG antibodies, they are clinically significant because they may cause
HDNF
Can anti-S and anti-s bind complement?
Yes
Do anti-S antibodies show dosgae effect?
Yes
Anti-En^a are what type of antibodies? Why is this significant?
IgG, HDNF (reacts at 37 degrees C)
S-s- individuals are at risk of HDNF because they may form this antibody
anti-U (universal antigen)
M+N-S-s-U- cells are the only options for people who are
N-U-
