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HNN > Review Sessions 4-8 > Flashcards

Review Sessions 4-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure is innervated by parasympathetic fibres that hitchhike on the maxillary nerve

A

Lacrimal gland - post ganglionic fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion derived from the facial nerve

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2
Q

Which branch of the mandibular nerve passes through the mandibular canal to eventually become the mental nerve

A

Inferior alveolar branch

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3
Q

Which retinal fibres are present in the left optic tract

A

Left temporal and right nasal

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4
Q

What surrounds the optic nerve

A

Cranial meninges

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5
Q

Internal carotid plexus sending branches to occulomotor nerve are what modality

A

Sympathetic

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6
Q

Function of trochlear nerve

A

Somatic motor

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7
Q

Where does the facial nerve divide into the five terminal motor branches

A

Within the parotid gland

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8
Q

Where are the cochlear hair cells located

A

Organ of corti

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9
Q

Which part of the ear does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

A

Middle ear

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10
Q

Spinal part of the accessory nerve arises from

A

C1-5/6

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11
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve

A

Somatic motor

Majority of muscles in the tongue

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12
Q

Fibres from which spinal nerve root accompany the hypoglossal nerve

A

C1-C2

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13
Q

Which of the extrinsic tongue muscles is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

A

Palatoglossus (vagus)

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14
Q

Tentorium cerebelli is formed by the reflection of which layer of the meninges

A

Meningeal dura

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15
Q

Lateral head trauma and wedge shaped area on CT indicate

A

Middle meningeal artery pathology

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16
Q

Order of venous blood leaving cranial cavity

A

Superior Sagitta sinus
Confluence of sinuses
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
IJV

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17
Q

Crescent shape shape CT and anticoagulants indicate

A

Bridging vein trauma

Acute subdural haematoma

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18
Q

Down and out position of eye indicates

A

Damage to oculomotor nerve

Leaves only lateral rectus (Abducens) and superior oblique (trochlear nerve)

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19
Q

Which muscle moves the eye up and in

A

Inferior oblique

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20
Q

What causes downward gaze diploplia

A

Trochlear nerve

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21
Q

Weakness and atrophy are noted on a pateints left side of tongue. Where is the lesion likely located

A

Left hypoglossal

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22
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are tested during corneal reflex

A

Afferent = trigeminal

Efferent = facial

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23
Q

Patents bites tip of tongue. Through which nerve do they feel pain

A

Trigeminal

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24
Q

Which area would correlate with left sided motor weakness

A

I

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25
Q

What is G

A

Thalamus

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26
Q

What is H

A

Corpus callosum

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27
Q

Which structures make up hindbrain

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla

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28
Q

What is H

A

Central sulcus

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29
Q

what is A

A

Cerebellum

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30
Q

Compression of which cranial nerve would explain a dilated pupil

A

Oculomotor

Parasympathetic fibres for sphincter pupillae

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31
Q

Whatis B

A

Lateral fissure

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32
Q

Which structures make up forebrain

A

Diencepahlon
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebrum

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33
Q

How can infection in the scalp spread intracranially

A

Venous blood vessels can drain into emissary veins (as well as internal and external jugular veins)

Connect scalp veins to intracranial venous structures- dural venous sinuses

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34
Q

How can infection around the orbit spread intracranially

A

Opthalmic vein drains mostly via facial vein but also to cavernous sinus

Veins are valveless- blood can pass in either direction

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35
Q

Visual symptoms during tumour of frontal lobe

A

Optic nerve is extension of forebrain

Carries layers of meninges with it

Raised ICP within subarachnoid space compresses optic nerves

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36
Q

What is cranial nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear

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37
Q

What are structures A and B

A

Superior sagittal sunus

Falx cerebri

38
Q

Functions of facial nerve

A

Autonomic innervation to lacrimal glands
Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Autonomic innervation to most of the salivary glands

39
Q

What passes through jugular foramen

A

IJV
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory

40
Q

Special sensory nerves

A

Olfactory - smell
Facial - anterior 2/3 taste
Optic - vision
Vestibulocochlear - balance and hearing
Glossopharyngeal - posterior 1/3 taste

41
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial and vestibulocochlear

42
Q

What does the internal carotid pass through

A

Carotid canal
Petrous part of temporal bone
Carotid sheath

43
Q

Which of the cranial nerves carry the afferent (sensory) signals from baroreceptors within the carotid sinus to the brainstem

A

Glossopharyngeal

44
Q

Which two cranial nerves are involved in the corneal reflex

A

Afferent = Opthalmic division of trigeminal Va
Efferent = facial

45
Q

What venous structure passes through D

A

IJV

46
Q

Which artery is most associated with the post ganglionic fibres of the middle cervical ganglion

A

Inferior thyroid

47
Q

Which cervical ganglion is most associated with the innervation of the superior tarsal muscle

A

Superior cervical ganglion

48
Q

Left facial droop secondary to facial nerve lesion, what other problems should you look for

A

Dry mouth
Difficulty closing eye
Altered taste

49
Q

Muscles found within eyelid receive innervation from which nerves

A

Sympathetic
Occulomotor
Facial

50
Q

Why might patients with facial nerve lesions have difficulty closing eye

A

Orbicularis oculi

51
Q

Parasympathetic functions associated with vagus nerve

A

Cardiac conducting system
Smooth muscle in respiratory tract
Mucosal glands in pharynx
Smooth muscle in GI tract

52
Q

Which branches of the facial nerve arise in the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius
Greater petrosal nerve

53
Q

What are not functions of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Motor to soft palate
Sensory to larynx

All vagus

54
Q

Which part of the auricle is least likely to be affected by an auricular haematoma

A

Lobule as non cartilaginous

55
Q

Roof of middle ear

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

56
Q

Which nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle

A

Mandibular nerve

57
Q

What is number 10

A

Malleus

58
Q

Examination of ear positions of lobe

A

Adult = backwards, upwards and outwards

Child = down and backwards

59
Q

Likely location of facial nerve lesion in someone with facial paralysis, dry eyes, weird taste and hyperacusis

A

Internal auditory meatus

60
Q

Middle ear lesion would compromise

A

Motor and taste functions but not greater Petrosal nerve - should not cause problems with lacrimation

61
Q

WHat is number 5

A

Round window

62
Q

What is the round window

A

Opening in cochlea of inner ear covered in a membrane

63
Q

What is the oval window

A

Where footplate of stapes meets cochlea

64
Q

Otitis externa most likely causative pathogen

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

65
Q

General somatic sensation from external ear nerves

A

Cervical nerve C2
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Vagus nerve

66
Q

Does glossopharyngeal do sensation from external ear

A

No, middle ear

67
Q

Larynx and laryngopharynx are innervated by

A

Vagus nerve for motor and sensory

68
Q
A

A = ciliary body
B = Iris
C = lens
E = cornea

69
Q

What is important when answering questions about cranial nerves

A

LEFT or RIGHT

70
Q

Muscles found within the eyelid receives innervation from which nerves

A

Facial nerve, oculomotor nerve, sympathetic nerves

71
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris is innervated by

A

Somatic motor fibres within occulomotor nerve

Superior tarsal muscle within it is supplied by sympathetic nervous system

72
Q

Conjunctiva does not line

A

Lens or cornea

73
Q

What happens at limbus

A

Conjunctiva does not continue over cornea

74
Q

Superior orbital fissure transmits what

A

Abducens, superior Opthalmic vein, trochlear nerve, CN Va

75
Q

Injury to which cranial nerve would account for diploplia worse on downward gaze

A

Right trochlear nerve - right superior oblique muscle paralysis

76
Q

Recurrent dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. Episodic

What is diagnosis

A

Menieres disease

77
Q

BPPV only affects

A

Vestibular apparatus- causes vertigo and no hearing loss

Vomiting is not typical

78
Q

which structure comprises the majority of the fibrous layer of the eyeball

A

Sclera

79
Q

Which structure forms the innermost layer of the eye

A

Retina

80
Q

What is the name given to the fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

A

Aqueous humour

81
Q

which of the following bones does NOT contribute to the floor of the orbit

A

Frontal

82
Q

Which of the following nerves is not found within the orbit

A

Facial Nerve

83
Q

Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the inferior orbital fissure

A

Optic nerve

84
Q

What is the general somatic motor function of the abducens nerve

A

Lateral rectus

85
Q

The oculomotor nerve receives branches from the internal cavernous sinus. Which modality are these nerve fibres?

A

Sympathetic

86
Q

What is the main action of the superior rectus muscle?

A

Elevation

87
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located within the bony orbit

A

Superior and lateral

88
Q

With regards to the lacrimal gland, which of the following statements is true?

A

Sympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland travel with the maxillary nerve

89
Q

Where do the post-ganglionic fibres to the lacrimal gland originate ?

A

The post-ganglionic fibres to the lacrimal gland originate from the pterygopalatine ganglion

90
Q

The tarsal Plate of the eyelid lies immmediately deep to which muscle

A

Orbicularis oculi

91
Q

Where in the eyelid do the Meibomian glands lie

A

Tarsal plate

HNN (19 decks)

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