final review

Question 1

which branch of the trigeminal nerve carries motor fibres

Answer 1

Mandibular

Question 2

layers of cervical fascia

Answer 2

skin, superficial, investing layer, pre tracheal, trachea

Question 3

which structures are not in fascia

Answer 3

SCM and infrahyoids

Question 4

which side for JVP

Answer 4

The jugular venous pressure (JVP) is only measurable on the right side, using the right internal jugular vein, because it is a measurement of the pressure in the right atria,

Question 5

opthalmic artery passes through

Answer 5

Optic canal

Question 6

Hard palate is formed by

Answer 6

Maxilla and palatine bones

Question 7

MMA enters via

Answer 7

Foramen spinosum as internal carotid

Question 8

Which anatomical structure divides the anterior and middle cranial fossae

Answer 8

Lesser wings of sphenoid

Question 9

match the cranial nerve to the parasympathetic ganglia

Answer 9

Oculomotor- Ciliary
Facial- Pterygopalatine
Glossopharyngeal- otic
Vagus - ganglia in or near target tissue

Question 10

which cranial nerves carry pre sympathetic

Answer 10

3 7 9 10 (not 5 this is post!)

Question 11

muscles in the eyelid are innervated by

Answer 11

palpebral part of orbicularis oculi - facial
Levator palpebrae superioris- oculomotor
Superior tarsal- sympathetic

Question 12

facial nerve lesion causes what to eye

Answer 12

Difficulty closing eye
(ptosis)

Question 13

lateral rectus move eye

Answer 13

laterally

Question 14

severe pain, blurred vision, nausea, headache, pupil dilates, oval shaped, cornea hazy, eye movement normal

Most appropriate treatment

Answer 14

Reduce intraocular pressure

Acute closed angle glaucoma

Question 15

what are the eye movements

Answer 15

1 superior rectus
2 inferior rectus
3 inferior oblique
4 superior oblique
5 lateral rectus
6 medial rectus

Question 16

majority of nasal skeleton is composed of

Answer 16

hyaline cartilage

Question 17

vestibule of nose

Answer 17

hair and sebaceous glands

Question 18

‘symptoms which improve initially, but then worsen’.

Answer 18

Bacterial sinusitis

Question 19

external squishy part of nose

Answer 19

alar cartilage

Question 20

Which nerve provides somatosensory innervation to the anterosuperior portion of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

CN Va

Question 21

Which paranasal air sinus has an important relationship with the floor of the orbit?

Answer 21

maxilary

Question 22

Which of the following organisms is the most common cause of bacterial tonsillitis?

Answer 22

strep pyogenes

Question 23

what drains tears directly into nasal cavity

Answer 23

nasolacrimal duct

Question 24

describe meatus visually

Answer 24

bit around conchae

Question 25

roof of nasal cavity

Answer 25

frontal, sphenoid, nasal, cribriform plate of ethmoid

Question 26

where is opening or pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 26

nasopharynx

Question 27

to which part of the ear does the PT tube connect

Answer 27

Middle ear

Question 28

what type of hearing loss is otosclerosis

Answer 28

conductive

Question 29

what lies immediately posterior to the larynx

Answer 29

laryngopharynx

Question 30

The larynx is elevated during swallowing. Which muscles are responsible for this action?

Answer 30

The correct answer is ‘suprahyoids and stylopharyngeus’.

Question 31

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles act on

Answer 31

the vocal cords

Question 32

what do infra hyoids and circular pharyngeal muscles do

Answer 32

the infrahyoids act to depress the larynx and the circular pharyngeal muscles push food down the pharynx into the oesophagus during swallowing.

Question 33

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

Answer 33

haemophiliac influenza B

Question 34

The epiglottis is composed of which type of cartilage?

Answer 34

elastic

Question 34

The epiglottis is composed of which type of cartilage?

Answer 34

elastic

Question 35

A 34 year old woman presents to her GP with a neck lump and weight loss. On examination there is a small firm lump situated just right to the anterior midline of the neck. The lump moves upwards on swallowing but not on tongue protrusion.

Thyroid function tests reveal a low TSH with high T3 and T4 levels.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 35

toxic multi nodular goitre

Question 36

A 75 year old lady is admitted with confusion. CT head reveals a crescent shaped area of hypodensity.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 36

The correct answer is chronic subdural haematoma. A crescent-shaped lesion suggests a subdural bleed. Acute bleeds appear hyperdense while chronic bleeds appear hypodense.

Question 37

Which layer of fascia in the neck envelops the thyroid gland?

Answer 37

The pretracheal fascia envelops the thyroid glands and the infrahyoid muscles, making this the correct answer.

Question 38

In which anatomical triangle is the phrenic nerve located?

Answer 38

The phrenic nerve runs through the posterior triangle of the neck, as it is a branch of the cervical plexus. This is important clinically because the phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, meaning injuries to the posterior triangle of the neck can cause specific difficulty breathing.

Question 39

supra glottis innervation

Answer 39

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 40

can’t sing high notes

Answer 40

damage to external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 41

thyroglossal duct cyst and thyroid goitre difference

Answer 41

cyst : moves up when you stick out tongue AND swallow

goitre: will move up only when swallowing

Question 42

Do branchial cysts and cervical lymphadenopathy move up when swallowing

Answer 42

No

Question 43

steps to investigate laryngeal cancer

Answer 43

Tissue sampling for biopsy and visualisation using laryngoscopy