final review Flashcards
which branch of the trigeminal nerve carries motor fibres
Mandibular
layers of cervical fascia
skin, superficial, investing layer, pre tracheal, trachea
which structures are not in fascia
SCM and infrahyoids
which side for JVP
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) is only measurable on the right side, using the right internal jugular vein, because it is a measurement of the pressure in the right atria,
opthalmic artery passes through
Optic canal
Hard palate is formed by
Maxilla and palatine bones
MMA enters via
Foramen spinosum as internal carotid
Which anatomical structure divides the anterior and middle cranial fossae
Lesser wings of sphenoid
match the cranial nerve to the parasympathetic ganglia
Oculomotor- Ciliary
Facial- Pterygopalatine
Glossopharyngeal- otic
Vagus - ganglia in or near target tissue
which cranial nerves carry pre sympathetic
3 7 9 10 (not 5 this is post!)
muscles in the eyelid are innervated by
palpebral part of orbicularis oculi - facial
Levator palpebrae superioris- oculomotor
Superior tarsal- sympathetic
facial nerve lesion causes what to eye
Difficulty closing eye
(ptosis)
lateral rectus move eye
laterally
severe pain, blurred vision, nausea, headache, pupil dilates, oval shaped, cornea hazy, eye movement normal
Most appropriate treatment
Reduce intraocular pressure
Acute closed angle glaucoma
what are the eye movements
1 superior rectus
2 inferior rectus
3 inferior oblique
4 superior oblique
5 lateral rectus
6 medial rectus
majority of nasal skeleton is composed of
hyaline cartilage
vestibule of nose
hair and sebaceous glands
‘symptoms which improve initially, but then worsen’.
Bacterial sinusitis
external squishy part of nose
alar cartilage
Which nerve provides somatosensory innervation to the anterosuperior portion of the nasal cavity?
CN Va
Which paranasal air sinus has an important relationship with the floor of the orbit?
maxilary
Which of the following organisms is the most common cause of bacterial tonsillitis?
strep pyogenes
what drains tears directly into nasal cavity
nasolacrimal duct
describe meatus visually
bit around conchae
roof of nasal cavity
frontal, sphenoid, nasal, cribriform plate of ethmoid
where is opening or pharyngotympanic tube
nasopharynx
to which part of the ear does the PT tube connect
Middle ear
what type of hearing loss is otosclerosis
conductive
what lies immediately posterior to the larynx
laryngopharynx
The larynx is elevated during swallowing. Which muscles are responsible for this action?
The correct answer is ‘suprahyoids and stylopharyngeus’.
The intrinsic laryngeal muscles act on
the vocal cords
what do infra hyoids and circular pharyngeal muscles do
the infrahyoids act to depress the larynx and the circular pharyngeal muscles push food down the pharynx into the oesophagus during swallowing.
What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?
haemophiliac influenza B
The epiglottis is composed of which type of cartilage?
elastic
The epiglottis is composed of which type of cartilage?
elastic
A 34 year old woman presents to her GP with a neck lump and weight loss. On examination there is a small firm lump situated just right to the anterior midline of the neck. The lump moves upwards on swallowing but not on tongue protrusion.
Thyroid function tests reveal a low TSH with high T3 and T4 levels.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
toxic multi nodular goitre
A 75 year old lady is admitted with confusion. CT head reveals a crescent shaped area of hypodensity.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
The correct answer is chronic subdural haematoma. A crescent-shaped lesion suggests a subdural bleed. Acute bleeds appear hyperdense while chronic bleeds appear hypodense.
Which layer of fascia in the neck envelops the thyroid gland?
The pretracheal fascia envelops the thyroid glands and the infrahyoid muscles, making this the correct answer.
In which anatomical triangle is the phrenic nerve located?
The phrenic nerve runs through the posterior triangle of the neck, as it is a branch of the cervical plexus. This is important clinically because the phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, meaning injuries to the posterior triangle of the neck can cause specific difficulty breathing.
supra glottis innervation
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
can’t sing high notes
damage to external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
thyroglossal duct cyst and thyroid goitre difference
cyst : moves up when you stick out tongue AND swallow
goitre: will move up only when swallowing
Do branchial cysts and cervical lymphadenopathy move up when swallowing
No
steps to investigate laryngeal cancer
Tissue sampling for biopsy and visualisation using laryngoscopy
