Review Questions Chapter 7

Question 1

Climate change is expected to impact human health by contributing to vector-borne infections,
malnutrition, and cardiovascular diseases.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An exogenous chemical that discovered within the body is a __________?

Answer 2

Xenobiotics

Question 3

Which of the following is produced via sunlight-driven reactions that involve nitrogen oxides from
automobile exhaust?

Answer 3

Ozone

Question 4

______ is a nonirritating, colorless, tasteless, odorless gas. It is produced by the incomplete oxidation of carbonaceous materials. Its sources include automotive engines, industries using fossil fuels, home oil burners, and cigarette smoke.

Answer 4

Carbon Monoxide

Question 5

_______ are emitted by coal- and oil-fired power plants and industrial processes burning these fuels. Of these, particles (although not well characterized chemically or physically) appear to be the main cause of morbidity and death.

Answer 5

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 6

Which of the following is a radioactive gas produced from the breakdown of uranium in the soil?

Answer 6

Radon

Question 7

Which of the following is not a heavy metal that commonly causes toxicity?

Answer 7

Bisphenol A

Question 8

Which heavy metals that commonly causes toxicity?

Answer 8

Lead, Mercury, and arsenic

Question 9

Lead toxicity has a more severe impact on __________.

Answer 9

Children

Question 10

Which disease is not a major health concern related to climate change?

A) Cardiovascular Disease
B) Respiratory disease
C) Malaria
D) Tuberculosis

Answer 10

Tuberculosis

Question 11

Which of the following are most likely to experience wristdrop following exposure to lead?

Answer 11

Adults

Question 12

Minamata disease is associated with a toxic exposure to __________.

Answer 12

Mercury

Question 13

Exposure to __________ causes toxicity by interfering with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 13

Arsenic

Question 14

Osteomalacia and renal damage are characteristically associated with which modern heavy metal
toxicity?

Answer 14

Cadmium

Question 15

Benzene is a __________ that has been used in rubber manufacturing and is known to increase the risk
for leukemia.

Answer 15

Organic solvent

Question 16

Lung carcinoma comes from increased exposure to

Answer 16

arsenic

Question 17

_____are among the most potent carcinogens, and industrial exposures have been implicated in the causation of lung and bladder cancer

Answer 17

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

Question 18

_____are endocrine disruptors and have antiestrogenic or antiandrogenic activity in labora- tory animals, but long-term health effects in humans have not been firmly established.

Answer 18

Organochlorines

Question 19

While smokeless tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer, cigarette smoking does not increase the risk
of oral cancer

Answer 19

false

Question 20

Which of the following is strongly associated with the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke?

Answer 20

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

Question 21

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing lung, oral, esophageal, pancreatic, and bladder
cancer.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

The combination of exposure to alcohol and tobacco smoke has a multiplicative increase in the risk of
developing laryngeal cancer.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Individuals of Asian descent commonly develop tachycardia and flushing after consuming alcohol due to
a __________ deficiency

Answer 23

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 24

Portal hypertension is most likely to develop in a patient with a history of __________.

Answer 24

Chronic alcoholism

Question 25

Dilated cardiomyopathy may develop in a __________

Answer 25

Chronic alcoholic

Question 26

Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Oral contraception reduces the risk of developing endometrial cancer

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Oral contraception increases the risk of developing breast cancer

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is associated with a toxic exposure to __________.

Answer 30

Acetaminophen

Question 31

Chronic aspirin toxicity is known as __________, and is associated with headache, tinnitus, dizziness, and possibly coma.

Answer 31

Salicylism

Question 32

Each year __________ users have up to a 3% change of sudden death from respiratory depression or lethal cardiac arrhythmia.

Answer 32

Cocaine

Question 33

Which injury is limited to damage to the epidermis?

Answer 33

Abrasion

Question 34

Problems with Pulmonary complications include edema, septic embolism, lung abscess, opportunistic infections, and foreign body granulomas from talc and other adulterants. Could come with the abuse/use of this drug? The sites most commonly affected are the skin and subcuta- neous tissue, heart valves, liver, and lungs

Answer 34

Heroin

Question 35

____or bruise, is a wound usually produced by a blunt trauma and is Characterized by damage to vessel and extravasation of blood into tissues

Answer 35

Contusion

Question 36

_____ is a tear or disruptive stretching of tissue caused by the application of force by a blunt object.

Answer 36

Laceration

Question 37

Full-thickness burns are commonly anesthetic due to destruction of peripheral nerves.

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Which of the following is a medical emergency due to the loss of thermoregulation?

Answer 38

Heat Stroke

Question 39

_____ result from loss of electrolytes through sweating. Cramping of voluntary muscles, usually in association with vigorous exercise, is the hallmark sign. Heat-dissipating mechanisms are able to maintain normal core body temperature.

Answer 39

Heat Cramps

Question 40

_____ is probably the most common hyper-thermic syndrome. Its onset is sudden, with prostration and collapse, and it results from a failure of the cardio- vascular system to compensate for hypovolemia, secondary to water depletion. After a period of collapse, which is usually brief, equilibrium is spontaneously reestablished.

Answer 40

Heat Exhaustion