Review Questions Chapter 7 Flashcards
Climate change is expected to impact human health by contributing to vector-borne infections,
malnutrition, and cardiovascular diseases.
True
An exogenous chemical that discovered within the body is a __________?
Xenobiotics
Which of the following is produced via sunlight-driven reactions that involve nitrogen oxides from
automobile exhaust?
Ozone
______ is a nonirritating, colorless, tasteless, odorless gas. It is produced by the incomplete oxidation of carbonaceous materials. Its sources include automotive engines, industries using fossil fuels, home oil burners, and cigarette smoke.
Carbon Monoxide
_______ are emitted by coal- and oil-fired power plants and industrial processes burning these fuels. Of these, particles (although not well characterized chemically or physically) appear to be the main cause of morbidity and death.
Sulfur Dioxide
Which of the following is a radioactive gas produced from the breakdown of uranium in the soil?
Radon
Which of the following is not a heavy metal that commonly causes toxicity?
Bisphenol A
Which heavy metals that commonly causes toxicity?
Lead, Mercury, and arsenic
Lead toxicity has a more severe impact on __________.
Children
Which disease is not a major health concern related to climate change?
A) Cardiovascular Disease
B) Respiratory disease
C) Malaria
D) Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Which of the following are most likely to experience wristdrop following exposure to lead?
Adults
Minamata disease is associated with a toxic exposure to __________.
Mercury
Exposure to __________ causes toxicity by interfering with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
Arsenic
Osteomalacia and renal damage are characteristically associated with which modern heavy metal
toxicity?
Cadmium
Benzene is a __________ that has been used in rubber manufacturing and is known to increase the risk
for leukemia.
Organic solvent
Lung carcinoma comes from increased exposure to
arsenic
_____are among the most potent carcinogens, and industrial exposures have been implicated in the causation of lung and bladder cancer
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
_____are endocrine disruptors and have antiestrogenic or antiandrogenic activity in labora- tory animals, but long-term health effects in humans have not been firmly established.
Organochlorines
While smokeless tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer, cigarette smoking does not increase the risk
of oral cancer
false
Which of the following is strongly associated with the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke?
Polycyclic hydrocarbons
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing lung, oral, esophageal, pancreatic, and bladder
cancer.
true
The combination of exposure to alcohol and tobacco smoke has a multiplicative increase in the risk of
developing laryngeal cancer.
true
Individuals of Asian descent commonly develop tachycardia and flushing after consuming alcohol due to
a __________ deficiency
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Portal hypertension is most likely to develop in a patient with a history of __________.
Chronic alcoholism
Dilated cardiomyopathy may develop in a __________
Chronic alcoholic
Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of developing endometrial cancer.
False
Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
true
Oral contraception reduces the risk of developing endometrial cancer
True
Oral contraception increases the risk of developing breast cancer
True
Centrilobular hepatic necrosis is associated with a toxic exposure to __________.
Acetaminophen
Chronic aspirin toxicity is known as __________, and is associated with headache, tinnitus, dizziness,
and possibly coma.
Salicylism
Each year __________ users have up to a 3% change of sudden death from respiratory depression or
lethal cardiac arrhythmia.
Cocaine
Which injury is limited to damage to the epidermis?
Abrasion
Problems with Pulmonary complications include edema, septic embolism, lung abscess, opportunistic infections, and foreign body granulomas from talc and other adulterants. Could come with the abuse/use of this drug?
The sites most commonly affected are the skin and subcuta- neous tissue, heart valves, liver, and lungs
Heroin
____or bruise, is a wound usually produced by a blunt trauma and is Characterized by damage to vessel and extravasation of blood into tissues
Contusion
_____ is a tear or disruptive stretching of tissue caused by the application of force by a blunt object.
Laceration
Full-thickness burns are commonly anesthetic due to destruction of peripheral nerves.
true
Which of the following is a medical emergency due to the loss of thermoregulation?
Heat Stroke
_____ result from loss of electrolytes through sweating. Cramping of voluntary muscles, usually in association with vigorous exercise, is the hallmark sign. Heat-dissipating mechanisms are able to maintain normal core body temperature.
Heat Cramps
_____ is probably the most common hyper-thermic syndrome. Its onset is sudden, with prostration and collapse, and it results from a failure of the cardio- vascular system to compensate for hypovolemia, secondary to water depletion. After a period of collapse, which is usually brief, equilibrium is spontaneously reestablished.
Heat Exhaustion
