Review questions Chapter 4

Question 1

Injurious immune reactions are grouped under hypersensitivity reaction, and involve inappropriately
targeted or inadequately controlled immune responses?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Approximately ______ of the population is allergic to common environmental antigens (e.g. pollen,
animal dander, or dust mites)?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with anaphylactic shock?

Answer 3

Type 1

Question 4

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or Goodpasture syndrome?

Answer 4

Type 2

Question 5

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with systemic Lupus, glomulonephritis,, and or Arthus reactions?

Answer 5

Type 3

Question 6

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with Dermatitis, MS, and/or tuberculosis?

Answer 6

Type 4

Question 7

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction that involves damage to the host’s tissue following exposure to a
harmless environmental antigen is categorized as a ___________ hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 7

Type 1

Question 8

_______ hypersensitivity disorders are caused by antibodies directed against target antigens on the surface of cells or other tissue components.

Answer 8

Type 2

Question 9

The late-phase reaction associated with a Type I hypersensitivity reaction most commonly develops
__________ after the initial exposure

Answer 9

6 hours

Question 10

Type I hypersensitivity reactions manifest with local and systemic reactions and have a strong familial
predisposition to development.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Which hypersensitivity reaction involves antibody-mediated opsonization of red blood cells during ABO
incompatibility? (

Answer 11

Type 2

Question 12

Antigen-antibody (immune) complexes are associated with _____________________.

Answer 12

Type 3

Question 13

Small amounts of immune complex formation commonly cause Type III hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Large amounts of immune complex formation commonly cause Type 3 Hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Type III hypersensitivity reactions most commonly involve which 3 of the following tissues?

Answer 15

Blood vessels, kidneys, and joints

Question 16

Type 2 reactions most commonly involve which 4 of the following tissues?

Answer 16

Heart, Thyroid, blood vessels and lungs

Question 17

Contact dermatitis is an example of a ______________ that involves sensitization of TH1 CD4+ cells
within the dermal tissues.

Answer 17

Type 4

Question 18

Which of the following is commonly referred to as “delayed-type” hypersensitivity because the reaction
develops in response to an antigen approximately 12-48 hours following exposure? (

Answer 18

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 19

Autoimmune diseases affect ________ of the all individuals within developed countries.

Answer 19

3% (in practice test) 2-5% in book

Question 20

Most individuals are tolerant to their own antigens and develop autoimmunity.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Most individuals are tolerant to their own antigens, failure of self tolerance develops autoimmunity.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Central tolerance involves apoptosis of T cells and B cells within the thymus and bone marrow,
respectively.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The pathoetiology of most autoimmune diseases is well-understood.

Answer 23

False , as the underlying causes of most human auto- immune diseases remain to be determined.

Question 24

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with the ___________ association of
autoimmune conditions.

Answer 24

Genetic

Question 25

Autoimmune diseases have a tendency to run in fami- lies, and there is a greater incidence of the same disease in ______ than in ______

Answer 25

monozygotic; dizygotic

Question 26

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exacerbates the cutaneous lesions associated with SLE, which is commonly termed ________________.

Answer 26

Photosensitivity

Question 27

Fixed erythema over malar eminences are often associated with SLE and are termed as _______

Answer 27

Malar Rash

Question 28

95% of patients with SLE will test positive for these

Answer 28

ANAs (anti nuclear antibodies)

Question 29

Antinuclear antibodies are _________________ for the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Answer 29

Highly sensitive

Question 30

The most common cause of death among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus is _______________.

Answer 30

Kidney failure

Question 31

Libman-Sacks endocarditis is associated with ____________________. (

Answer 31

SLE

Question 32

With SLE, the ______ may be moderately enlarged. Capsular fibrous thickening is common, as is follicular hyper- plasia with numerous plasma cells in the red pulp

Answer 32

spleen

Question 33

with SLE, the ____ may reveal interstitial fibrosis, along with pleural inflammation; the ______ shows nonspecific inflammation of the portal tracts.

Answer 33

Lungs; liver

Question 34

Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands ?

Answer 34

Sjögren syndrome

Question 35

Antinuclear antibodies and dermoepidermal IgG antibodies are associated with ______________.

Answer 35

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 36

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop Sjögren syndrome?

Answer 36

A 40-year-old female

Question 37

Women between ages of 50-60 years old are most likely to develop __________

Answer 37

Systemic sclerosis

Question 38

Women between ages of 35-45 years old are most likely to develop __________

Answer 38

Sjögren syndrome

Question 39

Young women are most likely to develop __________

Answer 39

SLE

Question 40

Systemic sclerosis is most likely to involve _______________.

Answer 40

Cutaneous tissue

Question 41

Which of the following is not a cause of secondary immune deficiency?

Answer 41

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 42

Individuals with defects in phagocytic cells typically suffer from recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, while those with defects in cell-mediated immunity are prone to viral and fungal infections

Answer 42

true

Question 43

Most primary (congenital) immune deficiencies become clinically evident by the age of __________.

Answer 43

1 year

Question 44

X-linked agammaglobulinemia is most likely to affect _____________.

Answer 44

Boys

Question 45

Which of the following forms of primary immune deficiency results in a lack of ability to produce IgG, IgA, and IgE isotypes?

Answer 45

Hyper-IgM syndrome

Question 46

Which of the following is most common among Native Americans and disrupts both humoral and cellmediated immunity?

Answer 46

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 47

Which of the following is the most common? AIDS or Therapy induced immune suppression

Answer 47

Therapy-induced immunosuppression

Question 48

What is an X-linked recessive disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, and a marked vul- nerability to recurrent infection, ending in early death; the only treatment is bone marrow transplantation. ?

Answer 48

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

Question 49

The most common of all the primary immune deficiency diseases and mostly affects caucasians

Answer 49

Isolated IgA deficiency

Question 50

The largest group of individuals infected by AIDS in Africa are ____________________

Answer 50

Women infected by male sexual | partners

Question 51

The largest group of individuals infected by AIDS in USA are _______

Answer 51

Male to male infection

Question 52

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be transmitted via breast milk and semen.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Which 2 of the following are the major targets of HIV?

Answer 53

Immune system, CNS, Lungs

Question 54

Viruses characteristically migrate to the ____________ during the transition into the chronic (latent) phase of an HIV infection ?

Answer 54

Spleen

Question 55

Viruses characteristically are found in the ____________ during the acute phase of an HIV infection ?

Answer 55

lymph nodes

Question 56

Which of the following is the hallmark sign of AIDS?

Answer 56

Marked reduction of CD4+ T cells

Question 57

HIV is most likely to be transmitted to the CNS via infected ___________.

Answer 57

Monocytes

Question 58

``` Virtually all (> 95%) of all patients infected with HIV will develop a sore throat, myalgia, fever, and a rash within 3 to 6 weeks after the initial infection. ```

Answer 58

False

Question 59

Which of the following is a common fungal infection of the lungs among individuals in the crisis phase of AIDS?

Answer 59

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 60

Which of the following is a common bacterial infection of the lungs among individuals in the crisis phase of AIDS?

Answer 60

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 61

The brain is the most common extranodal site of B cell lymphoma development among individuals with late-stage HIV infection, and nearly 100% of such neoplasms are associated with

Answer 61

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)

Question 62

Which condition is associated with extracellular deposits of fibrillar proteins?

Answer 62

Amyloidosis

Question 63

β-Amyloid plaques are strongly associated with __________.

Answer 63

Alzheimers

Question 64

Which type of amyloid protein is most likely to be associated with long-standing inflammation?

Answer 64

Amyloid-associated (AA)

Question 65

Which type of amyloid protein is type is associated with some form of monoclonal B cell proliferation?

Answer 65

AL (light chain amyloid)

Question 66

The presence of an M protein spike and Bence-Jones proteins (a type of AL proteins) in the urine are features of which condition?

Answer 66

Multiple myeloma

Question 67

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is commonly associated with which condition?

Answer 67

Amyloidosis

Question 68

Macroglossia, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly are most likely to be associated with _________________.

Answer 68

Amyloidosis