Review questions Chapter 4 Flashcards
Injurious immune reactions are grouped under hypersensitivity reaction, and involve inappropriately
targeted or inadequately controlled immune responses?
True
Approximately ______ of the population is allergic to common environmental antigens (e.g. pollen,
animal dander, or dust mites)?
20%
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with anaphylactic shock?
Type 1
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or Goodpasture syndrome?
Type 2
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with systemic Lupus, glomulonephritis,, and or Arthus reactions?
Type 3
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved with Dermatitis, MS, and/or tuberculosis?
Type 4
An immediate hypersensitivity reaction that involves damage to the host’s tissue following exposure to a
harmless environmental antigen is categorized as a ___________ hypersensitivity reaction.
Type 1
_______ hypersensitivity disorders are caused by antibodies directed against target antigens on the surface of cells or other tissue components.
Type 2
The late-phase reaction associated with a Type I hypersensitivity reaction most commonly develops
__________ after the initial exposure
6 hours
Type I hypersensitivity reactions manifest with local and systemic reactions and have a strong familial
predisposition to development.
True
Which hypersensitivity reaction involves antibody-mediated opsonization of red blood cells during ABO
incompatibility? (
Type 2
Antigen-antibody (immune) complexes are associated with _____________________.
Type 3
Small amounts of immune complex formation commonly cause Type III hypersensitivity reactions.
False
Large amounts of immune complex formation commonly cause Type 3 Hypersensitivity reactions
true
Type III hypersensitivity reactions most commonly involve which 3 of the following tissues?
Blood vessels, kidneys, and joints
Type 2 reactions most commonly involve which 4 of the following tissues?
Heart, Thyroid, blood vessels and lungs
Contact dermatitis is an example of a ______________ that involves sensitization of TH1 CD4+ cells
within the dermal tissues.
Type 4
Which of the following is commonly referred to as “delayed-type” hypersensitivity because the reaction
develops in response to an antigen approximately 12-48 hours following exposure? (
Type IV hypersensitivity
Autoimmune diseases affect ________ of the all individuals within developed countries.
3% (in practice test) 2-5% in book
Most individuals are tolerant to their own antigens and develop autoimmunity.
False
Most individuals are tolerant to their own antigens, failure of self tolerance develops autoimmunity.
true
Central tolerance involves apoptosis of T cells and B cells within the thymus and bone marrow,
respectively.
True
The pathoetiology of most autoimmune diseases is well-understood.
False , as the underlying causes of most human auto- immune diseases remain to be determined.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with the ___________ association of
autoimmune conditions.
Genetic
Autoimmune diseases have a tendency to run in fami- lies, and there is a greater incidence of the same disease in ______ than in ______
monozygotic; dizygotic
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exacerbates the cutaneous lesions associated with SLE, which is commonly
termed ________________.
Photosensitivity
Fixed erythema over malar eminences are often associated with SLE and are termed as _______
Malar Rash
95% of patients with SLE will test positive for these
ANAs (anti nuclear antibodies)
Antinuclear antibodies are _________________ for the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE)?
Highly sensitive
The most common cause of death among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus is
_______________.
Kidney failure
Libman-Sacks endocarditis is associated with ____________________. (
SLE
With SLE, the ______ may be moderately enlarged. Capsular fibrous thickening is common, as is follicular hyper- plasia with numerous plasma cells in the red pulp
spleen
with SLE, the ____ may reveal interstitial fibrosis, along with pleural inflammation; the ______ shows nonspecific inflammation of the portal tracts.
Lungs; liver
Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with destruction of the lacrimal and
salivary glands ?
Sjögren syndrome
Antinuclear antibodies and dermoepidermal IgG antibodies are associated with ______________.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop Sjögren syndrome?
A 40-year-old female
Women between ages of 50-60 years old are most likely to develop __________
Systemic sclerosis
Women between ages of 35-45 years old are most likely to develop __________
Sjögren syndrome
Young women are most likely to develop __________
SLE
Systemic sclerosis is most likely to involve _______________.
Cutaneous tissue
Which of the following is not a cause of secondary immune deficiency?
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Individuals with defects in phagocytic cells typically suffer from recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections,
while those with defects in cell-mediated immunity are prone to viral and fungal infections
true
Most primary (congenital) immune deficiencies become clinically evident by the age of __________.
1 year
X-linked agammaglobulinemia is most likely to affect _____________.
Boys
Which of the following forms of primary immune deficiency results in a lack of ability to produce IgG,
IgA, and IgE isotypes?
Hyper-IgM syndrome
Which of the following is most common among Native Americans and disrupts both humoral and cellmediated
immunity?
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Which of the following is the most common? AIDS or Therapy induced immune suppression
Therapy-induced immunosuppression
What is an X-linked recessive disease
characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, and a marked vul- nerability to recurrent infection, ending in early death; the only treatment is bone marrow transplantation. ?
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
The most common of all the primary immune deficiency diseases and mostly affects caucasians
Isolated IgA deficiency
The largest group of individuals infected by AIDS in Africa are ____________________
Women infected by male sexual
partners
The largest group of individuals infected by AIDS in USA are _______
Male to male infection
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be transmitted via breast milk and semen.
True
Which 2 of the following are the major targets of HIV?
Immune system, CNS, Lungs
Viruses characteristically migrate to the ____________ during the transition into the chronic (latent)
phase of an HIV infection ?
Spleen
Viruses characteristically are found in the ____________ during the acute
phase of an HIV infection ?
lymph nodes
Which of the following is the hallmark sign of AIDS?
Marked reduction of CD4+ T cells
HIV is most likely to be transmitted to the CNS via infected ___________.
Monocytes
Virtually all (> 95%) of all patients infected with HIV will develop a sore throat, myalgia, fever, and a rash within 3 to 6 weeks after the initial infection.
False
Which of the following is a common fungal infection of the lungs among individuals in the crisis phase of
AIDS?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Which of the following is a common bacterial infection of the lungs among individuals in the crisis phase of
AIDS?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The brain is the most common extranodal site of B cell lymphoma development among individuals with
late-stage HIV infection, and nearly 100% of such neoplasms are associated with
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
Which condition is associated with extracellular deposits of fibrillar proteins?
Amyloidosis
β-Amyloid plaques are strongly associated with __________.
Alzheimers
Which type of amyloid protein is most likely to be associated with long-standing inflammation?
Amyloid-associated (AA)
Which type of amyloid protein is type is associated with some form of monoclonal B cell proliferation?
AL (light chain amyloid)
The presence of an M protein spike and Bence-Jones proteins (a type of AL proteins) in the urine are
features of which condition?
Multiple myeloma
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is commonly associated with which condition?
Amyloidosis
Macroglossia, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly are most likely to be associated with
_________________.
Amyloidosis
