Review questions Chapter 3 Flashcards
Hyperemia is a(n) _________ process resulting from arteriolar dilation and increased blood flow
Active
Congestion is a _______ process which results in lowered venous outflow and causes tissue cyanosis
Passive
What is a passive process resulting from impaired outflow of venous blood from a
tissue?
Congestion
_______ results from low cardiac output due to myocardial pump failure. It may be caused by myo- cardial damage (infarction), ventricular arrhythmias, extrinsic compression (cardiac tamponade)
Cardiogenic shock
One of the primary abnormalities that lead to thrombosis
Endothelial damage
______ is an Embolic occlusion of a pulmonary artery which has an incidence of 2 to 4 per 1000 hospitalized patients and usually come from the femoral vein due to Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
the morphotic appearance associated with chronic passive congestion is known as
nutmeg liver
Edema is the result of an increase in hydrostatic pressure and diminished colloid osmotic pressure.
True
An increase in hydrostatic pressure will within the vessel lumen will promote edema
True
Reduced cardiac output leads to hypoperfusion of the kidneys which stimulates __________ retention.
sodium
Peau d’orange is associated with which of the following?
Lymphatic obstruction
Dependent edema is most pronounced in the _____________ of an individual who is recumbent.
Legs
Low platelet counts in the blood (thrombocytopenia) or vitamin C deficiency commonly causes
______________ development.
Petechiae
Activated thrombin stimulates the formation of an insoluble ______________.
Fibrin clot
Hematoma is likely to cause iron deficiency anemia
True
Platelets come into contact with von Willebrand factor (vWF) following ____________________.
Endothelial injury
Which of the following converts fibrinogen into fibrin during the coagulation cascade?
Thrombin
A mutation of ____________ deactivates an important antithrombotic mechanism and predisposes
individuals with this mutation to excessive thrombus formation
factor V
A __________ mutation may cause up to a 50-fold increased risk of developing a blood
clot when homozygous for the mutation. (p. 87)
Factor V
Late-stage metastatic neoplasia and smoking are examples of ________________.
secondary hypercoaguability
Which of the following is the most common location for the development of venous thrombi?
Lower extremity
Thrombi on the valves of the heart are termed ______________.
Vegetations
Arterial thrombi are most common at the site of turbulence, and venous thrombi are most common at
the site of stasis?
True
Approximately ________ of deep vein thromboses (DVTs) are asymptomatic
95%
Which of the following is the most common cause of perinatal material death in the U.S.?
Amniotic fluid embolism
Most systemic emboli arise within the ______________
Heart
Which of the following activities is most likely to be associated with the development of an air
embolism?
scuba diving
The presence, or absence, of an alternative blood supply is the most important factor in determining
whether occlusion of an individual vessel will cause tissue infarction
true
what is the most common cause of death in intensive care units?
septic shock
Which 2 of the following involve cool, clammy, cyanotic skin?
Hypovolemic shock, and cardiogenic
Cutaneous vasoconstriction causes skin coolness and pallor during the nonprogressive stage of shock,
because reflex compensatory mechanisms are still working?
False (neurohormonal)
Most young individuals who suffer from hypovolemic shock will survive.
true
