Review questions Chapter 3

Question 1

Hyperemia is a(n) _________ process resulting from arteriolar dilation and increased blood flow

Answer 1

Active

Question 2

Congestion is a _______ process which results in lowered venous outflow and causes tissue cyanosis

Answer 2

Passive

Question 3

What is a passive process resulting from impaired outflow of venous blood from a
tissue?

Answer 3

Congestion

Question 4

_______ results from low cardiac output due to myocardial pump failure. It may be caused by myo- cardial damage (infarction), ventricular arrhythmias, extrinsic compression (cardiac tamponade)

Answer 4

Cardiogenic shock

Question 5

One of the primary abnormalities that lead to thrombosis

Answer 5

Endothelial damage

Question 6

______ is an Embolic occlusion of a pulmonary artery which has an incidence of 2 to 4 per 1000 hospitalized patients and usually come from the femoral vein due to Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 6

Pulmonary embolism

Question 7

the morphotic appearance associated with chronic passive congestion is known as

Answer 7

nutmeg liver

Question 8

Edema is the result of an increase in hydrostatic pressure and diminished colloid osmotic pressure.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

An increase in hydrostatic pressure will within the vessel lumen will promote edema

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Reduced cardiac output leads to hypoperfusion of the kidneys which stimulates __________ retention.

Answer 10

sodium

Question 11

Peau d’orange is associated with which of the following?

Answer 11

Lymphatic obstruction

Question 12

Dependent edema is most pronounced in the _____________ of an individual who is recumbent.

Answer 12

Legs

Question 13

Low platelet counts in the blood (thrombocytopenia) or vitamin C deficiency commonly causes
______________ development.

Answer 13

Petechiae

Question 14

Activated thrombin stimulates the formation of an insoluble ______________.

Answer 14

Fibrin clot

Question 15

Hematoma is likely to cause iron deficiency anemia

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Platelets come into contact with von Willebrand factor (vWF) following ____________________.

Answer 16

Endothelial injury

Question 17

Which of the following converts fibrinogen into fibrin during the coagulation cascade?

Answer 17

Thrombin

Question 18

A mutation of ____________ deactivates an important antithrombotic mechanism and predisposes
individuals with this mutation to excessive thrombus formation

Answer 18

factor V

Question 19

A __________ mutation may cause up to a 50-fold increased risk of developing a blood
clot when homozygous for the mutation. (p. 87)

Answer 19

Factor V

Question 20

Late-stage metastatic neoplasia and smoking are examples of ________________.

Answer 20

secondary hypercoaguability

Question 21

Which of the following is the most common location for the development of venous thrombi?

Answer 21

Lower extremity

Question 22

Thrombi on the valves of the heart are termed ______________.

Answer 22

Vegetations

Question 23

Arterial thrombi are most common at the site of turbulence, and venous thrombi are most common at
the site of stasis?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Approximately ________ of deep vein thromboses (DVTs) are asymptomatic

Answer 24

95%

Question 25

Which of the following is the most common cause of perinatal material death in the U.S.?

Answer 25

Amniotic fluid embolism

Question 26

Most systemic emboli arise within the ______________

Answer 26

Heart

Question 27

Which of the following activities is most likely to be associated with the development of an air embolism?

Answer 27

scuba diving

Question 28

The presence, or absence, of an alternative blood supply is the most important factor in determining whether occlusion of an individual vessel will cause tissue infarction

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what is the most common cause of death in intensive care units?

Answer 29

septic shock

Question 30

Which 2 of the following involve cool, clammy, cyanotic skin?

Answer 30

Hypovolemic shock, and cardiogenic

Question 31

Cutaneous vasoconstriction causes skin coolness and pallor during the nonprogressive stage of shock, because reflex compensatory mechanisms are still working?

Answer 31

False (neurohormonal)

Question 32

Most young individuals who suffer from hypovolemic shock will survive.

Answer 32

true