Review Questions

Question 1

A 42 year-old woman decided she wanted to learn how to play tennis. After she had practiced daily for 3 weeks, she began to experience pain over the lateral region of her elbow. Her coach asked her to hold the tennis racket and extend her hand at the wrist. She felt no pain until he resisted the extension of her hand. Whe he asked her to pinpoint the site of pain, she put her finger on her lateral epicondyle. Which of the following statements best describes the most likely cause of her elbow pain?

A) Rupture of the common extensor tendon

B) Avulsion of the lateral epicondyle of the elbow

C) Calcification of tissues around the lateral epicondyle

D) Bursitis in the subcutaneous olecranon bursa

E) Lateral Epicondylitis of the elbow

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Following a left radical mastectomy, a woman is unable to abduct her arm more than 90 degrees. Which of the following structures do you suspect was injured during the surgical procedure?

A) dorsal scapular nerve

B) long thoracic nerve

C) suprascapular nerve

D) serratus posterior superior muscle

E) rotator cuff component of the shoulder joint capsule

Answer 2

B

Question 3

True or false: Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint occurs most often in adults.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following associations pertaining to the brachial plexus is incorrect?

A) pre-fixed brachial plexus—compression of inferior trunk by 1st rib

B) wounds in the posterior triangle of the neck—brachial plexus injuries

C) acute brachial plexus neuritis—severe onset of shoulder pain

D) hyperabduction syndrome—paresthesia

E) inferior brachial plexus injuries—clawhand

Answer 4

A

Question 5

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the supraspinatus muscle?

A) It is innervated by a nerve that also supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral surface of the proximal arm.

B) It initiates the process of abduction of the arm.

C) It is associated with painful abduction when the subacromial bursa is inflamed.

D) It is one of four muscles comprising the rotator cuff.

E) During arm abduction against resistance, the muscle can be palpated.

Answer 5

A

Question 6

A 45-year-old secretary experienced “pins and needles” sensations (parenthesia) an pain in her right hand during the right. These sensations involved the palmar surface of her thumb and the lateral two and a half fingers. Her colleagues told her that she probably has carpal tunnel syndrome. Her family physician confirmed that this was the condition she was experiencing. She also told the physician that she was having some difficulty typing. On further examination, the physician detected some weakness of her right thenar muscles when compared with the left side. Otherwise, motor functions were unimpaired currently. Which of the following statements best describes the most likely cause of the parethesia experienced by the secretary?

A) Compression of the radial artery at the wrist

B_ Injury of the radial nerve in the arm

C) Compression of the ulnar nerve

D) Distal (carpal) compression of the median nerve

E) Proximal trauma to the median nerve

Answer 6

D

Question 7

Scapulohumeral rhythm refers to:

A) the changing articular configuration of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity with movement.

B) the protective contractions of the rotator cuff muscles with humeral abduction.

C) the protractive and retractive movements of the scapula that occur with humeral flexion and extension.

D) the association between the movements at the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints.

E) the relationship between movements at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic “joints” during humeral abduction.

Answer 7

E

Question 8

Kevin was thrown from a horse and his shoulder hit a tree. Kevin’s left limb hangs by his side in medial rotation, also known as “waiter’s tip”. What is the likely cause of this?

Answer 8

One of:

• Rupture of the superior parts of brachial plexus
• avulsion (tear) of roots of the plexus from spinal cord

Question 9

The cephalic vein:

A) becomes the brachial vein.

B) becomes the axillary vein.

C) originates on the medial side of the dorsal venous network at the wrist.

D) pierces the clavipectoral fascia.

E) empties into the subclavian vein.

Answer 9

D

Question 10

Following an avulsion fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus, the humerus would primarily be:

A) laterally rotated.

B) medially rotated.

C) abducted.

D) flexed.

E) extended.

Answer 10

B

Question 11

In the following axial MRI through the distal third of the arm, the brachial artery is labeled number 1 (see thin leader line on image). What is the structure indicated by the arrow?

A) ulnar artery

B) radial nerve

C) cephalic vein

D) short head of biceps tendon

E) basilic vein

Answer 11

C

Question 12

A 60-year-old man is complaining of pain, tenderness, and limitation of movement in the glenohumeral joint. He notices the pain begins around 50 degrees. What is the likely cause of this?

Answer 12

Calcific supraspinatis tendinitis resulting from calcium in supraspinatus tendon rubbing on subacromial bursa

Question 13

The trapezius can perform all of the following functions except:

A) protract the scapula.

B) retract the scapula.

C) elevate the scapula.

D) depress the scapula.

E) rotate the scapula.

Answer 13

A

Question 14

A man;s car was hit on the right side, severely injuring the right arm of his 72-year-old mother, a passenger in the car. She was taken to a local hospital where a physician examined her. A radiograph revealed a fracture of the humerus. Specific humeral fractures are associated with different nerve injuries because of direct contact between the nerve and the humerus at specific locations. Which of the following matches between parts of the humerus and a nerve is incorrect?

A) Medial epicondyle - ulnar nerve

B) Distal end of the humerus - median nerve

C) Lesser tubercle - musculocutanous nerve

D) Radial (spiral groove) - radial nerve

E) Surgical neck - axillary nerve

Answer 14

C

Question 15

A large dog knocked down a 79-year-old woman. Trying to ease her fall, she outstretched her upper limb. When she sat up, she noticed that her wrist (distal forearm) was deformed and very painful. She was taken to a hospital where the orthopedic surgeon said she had a Colles fracture. Which of the following statments about a Colles fracture is correct?

A) It is a fracture of the distal end of the radius

B) In this fracture, the distal end of the radius is located distal to that of the ulna

C) The fracture commonly results from forced flexion of the hand

D) The distal fragment of the fractured bone is displaced anteriorly

E) It is the fracture of the distal ulna

Question 16

A 38-year-old baseball pitcher felt a sharp pain in his shoulder when he threw the ball very hard. After a visit by the pitching coach, he threw another pitch but he told the catcher that the pain was unbearable. He left the game and went to the dressing room where he was examined by the team’s orthopedic surgeion, who detected tenderness near the greater tubercle of the humerus. An MRI taken the next day revealed a tear in the pitcher’s rotator cuff. Which of the following statements is most likely based on this finding?

A) Acute rupture of subscapular tendon

B) Acute rupture of the supraspinatus part of the rotator cuff

C) Acute tear of latissimus dorsi tendon

D) Acutre tears of teres major tendon

Answer 16

B

Question 17

Label the parts of the posterior arm

Answer 17

deltoid, triceps brachii (long, medial, lateral heads), olecranon

Question 18

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the axillary vein?

A) If lacerated in the axilla, there is a risk of producing an air embolus.

B) It is the vessel that is actually punctured in a typical “subclavian” vein puncture for catheter insertion.

C) It lies deep to the axillary artery as the vessels cross the 1st rib.

D) It is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins.

E) It may receive blood from the inguinal region of the body.

Answer 18

C

Question 19

Which of the following reasons best explains why it is easier to do a “chin-up” (hands supinated) than a “pull-up” (hands pronated)?

A) Because the brachialis is a less-effective elbow flexor in the pronated position.

B) Because the biceps is a less-effective flexor in the pronated position.

C) Because the brachioradialis is a less-effective flexor in the pronated position.

D) Because the long digital flexors can better assist with elbow flexion in the supinated position.

E) Because the humero-radial-ulnar joint is better aligned in the supinated position.

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Label the bones of the hands

Question 21

Label the radiograph

Question 22

Label the surface anatomy of the back.

Answer 22

Question 23

Following a knife wound to the neck, you notice that the medial border of a patient’s left scapula is located further from the midline than that of his right scapula. The nerve most likely injured by the wound is the:

A) long thoracic.

B) thoracodorsal.

C) suprascapular.

D) dorsal scapular.

E) spinal accessory.

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the clavicle?

A) It is attached via ligaments to the coracoid process.

B) The superior surface is grooved for the subclavian artery.

C) After a fracture, the medial segment is raised by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

D) Fractures are almost always accompanied by acromioclavicular dislocation.

E) Patients with fractured clavicles typically need to support the ipsilateral upper limb with the contralateral one.

Answer 24

D

Question 25

In the following radiograph of the wrist, the arrow points to the:

A) scaphoid.

B) lunate.

C) pisiform.

D) articular disc.

E) capitate.

Answer 25

A

Question 26

A young mother was returning from a shopping trip with her 4-year-old daughter. The child was tired and grumpy. As the mother climbed into the bus, she suddenly jerked the child’s upper limb to pull the child up and into the bus. The girl screamed loudly, expressing pain, but the mother ignored her and continued to pull her limb. When she sat down, the child refused to use her right limb, which she protected by holding it with her elbow flexed and her forearm pronated. Which of the following statements best describes the likely cause of the child’s elbow pain?

A) Fracture of the radial notch of ulna

B) Separation of the olecranon epiphysis from the shsaft of the ulna

C) Partial subluxation of the proximal radioulnar joint

D) Separation of the proximal radial epiphysis from the shaft of the radius

E) Rupture of the subtendinous olecranon bursa

Answer 26

C

Question 27

A newborn is experiencing paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder and arm supplied by C5-C6. The baby appears to have an upper limb with an adducted shoulder, medial rotated arm, and extended elbow. What is the likely cause of this?

Answer 27

Erb-Duchenne palsy caused by excessive stretching of the neck from birth

Question 28

A hockey player is driven violently into the boards. The doctor said he has a severe shoulder separation. What joint(s) is/are the likely cause of the separation?

Answer 28

AC

CC

Question 29

Name the condition. What is this condition caused by?

Answer 29

Deltoid atrophy

• damage to axillary nerve
• rounded contour of shoulder disappears
• appears flattened
• loss of sensation on lateral proximal arm

Question 30

`What is the most common type of fracture in people older than 50?

Answer 30

Colles fracture - fracture in the distal end of the radius

Question 31

Amy fell out of a tree and tried to grab a branch to help break her fall. This caused the upper limb to suddenly be pulled superiorly. Her hand appears to look like a claw. What is the name and cause of her injury?

Answer 31

Klumpke paralysis

• damage to inferior parts of brachial plexus
• injure or avulse inferior roots

Question 32

Injuries to the superior part of the brachial plexus usually result from what?

Answer 32

An excessive increase in the angle between the neck and the shoulder

Question 33

________ is an uncommon but serious injury that usually results from a fall on the dorsiflexed wrist.

Answer 33

anterior dislocation of the lunate

Question 34

Katy has difficulty abducting her arm, but can abduct her arm 45 degrees by elevating and rotating the scapula. What is this called?

Answer 34

Adhesive capsulities aka “fozen shoulder”

Question 35

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pronator quadratus?

A) It is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve.

B) It is the prime mover for pronation.

C) It initiates the movement of pronation.

D) It helps maintain the integrity of the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna when upward thrusts are transmitted through the wrist.

E) It can be palpated by deeply pressing an index finger two-thirds of the proximal-distal length of the forearm, at the middle of its ventral surface.

Answer 35

E

Question 36

The sternoclavicular joint:

A) is less likely to dislocate than the clavicle is to fracture in falls on the outstretched hand.

B) is a symphysis.

C) can ankylose (stiffen) without causing significant loss in shoulder mobility.

D) is dependent on muscles for its integrity.

E) involves the clavicle, sternum, and first two costal cartilages.

Answer 36

A

Question 37

Label the parts from the medial view of the arm.

Answer 37

deltoid, biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii

Question 38

What does this picture show? What is it caused by?

Answer 38

Wrist drop

• injury to the radial nerve

Question 39

Label the radiograph

Question 40

A 55-year-old woman was riding her bicycle along a gravel path with her husband. Suddenly, she lost her balance and fell on her outstretched upper limb. She told her husband, a physician, that she heard a cracking sound when she hit the ground. He observed that her shoulder slumped inferiomedially. He also noted that a medial fragment of her clavicle was elevated and that the lateral fragment was depressed. He concluded that she had sustained a typical fracture of the clavicle. He made a sling for her limb with his t-shirt. Which one of the following statements is likely incorrect pertaining to clavicular fractures?

A) The fracture usually involves rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament

B) A clavicular fracure in very young children may be a “greenstick” fracture

C) The sternocleidomastoid muscle elevated the medial protion of a factured clavicle

D) In a clavicular fracture, the lateral fragment is typically pulled medially

E) The fracture was located at the junction of the lateral and intermediate thirds

Answer 40

A

Question 41

In the following radiograph, what muscle attaches at the location indicated by the arrow?

A) brachialis

B) biceps brachii

C) pronator teres

D)brachioradialis

E) anconeus

Answer 41

B

Question 42

A doctor tells a patient to abduct their arms against resistance starting from approximately 15 degrees. Which muscle and nerve is the doctor testing for?

Answer 42

deltoid, axillary

Question 43

You examine a patient with a horizontal, posterior, mid-humeral knife wound that reaches the bone. In addition to the muscular lesions, you expect the injury severed the:

A) ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery.

B) ulnar nerve and deep artery of the arm.

C) radial nerve and humeral nutrient artery.

D) radial nerve and deep artery of the arm.

E) median nerve and brachial artery.

Answer 43

D

Question 44

The cervicoaxillary canal:

A) forms the base of the axilla.

B) is bounded by the first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula.

C) conducts the subclavian artery.

D) leads to the quadrangular space.

E) is occluded in a shoulder dislocation.

Answer 44

B

Question 45

Amber was slashed by a knife across the front of her arm. She is complaining because she has trouble flexing and supinating her arm and she has lost feeling in the lateral surface of her forearm. What is the probable cause of her injury?

Answer 45

injury to musculocutaneous nerve

Question 46

A 19-year-old man was rollerblading when he caught his skate in a wide crack in the cement sidewalk. He said he fell on his open hand with his wrist extended and abducted. As his hand was very painful and slightly swollen, he went to the emergency department of a hospital. On examination, the physician noted all wrist movements were painful, and there was tenderness in his anatomical snuffbox, but no unusual features were palpable. Radiographs of his wrist did not reveal a fracture. Because wrist elements were painful, the physical applied a lighter plaster cast. When the cast was removed 3 weeks later, wrist movemenets were still painful and the pain in the snuffbox was severe when the floor of the box was compressed with the thhumb. A repeat radiograph revealed a decrease in the bone density of part of a carpal bone. The reduced bone density made the proximal part of the bone appear dark relative to the distal part of the bone and other carpal bones. Which of the following statements best describes the most likely cause of the man’s continuing wrist pain?

A) Fracture of the scaphoid

B) Dislocation of the lunate

C) Fracture of the hamate

D) Fracture of the trapezium

E) Fractue of the pisiform

Answer 46

A

Question 47

Label the surface anatomy of the front of the body.

Answer 47

Question 48

The _____ nerve of the serratus anterior becomes damaged, causing winged scapula.

Answer 48

long thoracic nerve

Question 49

A doctor tells their patient to flex one finger at the proximal interphalangeal joint and the extend the other three fingers against resistance. What muscle is the doctor testing for?

Answer 49

Flexor digitorum superificialis

Question 50

Winged scapula is caused by peralysis of what muscle?

Answer 50

serratus anterior

Question 51

You are assisting in the emergency room when the attending physician examines a patient after an elbow injury. The physician holds the proximal interphalangeal joint of the little finger and asks the patient to flex the distal phalanx. This procedure tests the functionality of what nerve?

A) radial

B) ulnar

C) median

D) posterior interosseous

E) anterior interosseous

Answer 51

B

Question 52

The arrow in the following radiograph points to the:

A) clavicle.

B) acromion process.

C) coracoid process.

D) superior angle of scapula.

E) superior part of glenoid fossa.

Answer 52

B

Question 53

You examine a young male patient whose shoulder was injured during a football game. You immediately notice that his acromion process is abnormally prominent and inferior to the acromial end of the clavicle. You diagnose:

A) an anteriorly dislocated glenohumeral joint.

B) a posteriorly dislocated glenohumeral joint.

C) a dislocated acromioclavicular joint with intact coracoclavicular ligaments.

D) a dislocated acromioclavicular joint with torn coracoclavicular ligaments.

E) a torn rotator cuff.

Answer 53

D

Question 54

Dislocation of the ____ joint makes the acromion more proinent, and the clavicle may move superior to the acromion.

A) Coracoclavicular

B) Glenohumeral

C) Acromioclavicular

D) Two of the above

Answer 54

C

Question 55

In the emergency room you examine a patient who was thrown from a motorcycle in such a way that, upon landing, his neck and shoulder were widely separated. Which of the following would not be consistent with your suspicion that he is suffering from Erb-Duchenne palsy?

A) medially rotated arm at rest

B) weak shoulder abduction

C) weak elbow flexion

D) sensory loss on lateral aspect of arm

E) weak digital flexion

Answer 55

E

Question 56

What nerve becomes damaged in a fracture to the hamate?

Answer 56

ulnar

Question 57

Jane is complaining that she has trouble opening a door or lifting a glass and that she feels pain over her lateral epicondyle and down the posterior surface of her forearm. What is this due to?

Answer 57

lateral epicondylitis

Question 58

Which of the following relationships at the wrist is incorrect?

A) The median nerve lies deep to the tendon of the palmaris longus.

B) The ulnar artery and nerve lie lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

C) The radial artery can be compressed against the radius.

D) The radial artery lies medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.

E) The scaphoid can be palpated in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox.

Answer 58

D

Question 59

In which of the following activities would the latissimus dorsi be least important?

A) using the crawl stroke while swimming

B) using the backstroke while swimming

C) using the breaststroke while swimming

D) performing a chin-up

E) paddling a canoe

Answer 59

B

Question 60

The ridge indicated by the arrow in the following photograph overlies the tendon of which of the following muscles?

A) palmaris longus

B) palmaris brevis

C) flexor carpi radialis

D) flexor digitorum superficialis

E) abductor pollicis longus

Answer 60

C

Question 61

A doctor holds his patients proximal interphalangeal joint in an extended position and tells the patient to flex the distal phalangeal joint. What muscle is the doctor testing for?

Answer 61

Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 62

A laceration of the thenar eminence that results in complete section of the recurrent branch of the median nerve would result in:

A) claw hand.

B) ape hand.

C) loss of all ability to abduct the thumb.

D) loss of all ability to adduct the thumb.

E) loss of all ability to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.

Answer 62

B

Question 63

Sam injured his rotator cuff while he was pitching in baseball. He is complaining because he cannot abduct his arm. What muscle is the most likely cause of this?

Answer 63

tear in supraspinatus

Question 64

In the following radiograph of the wrist of a 2.5-year-old child, the arrow points to the:

A) scaphoid.

B) trapezium.

C) triquetrum.

D) pisiform.

E) epiphysis of the first metacarpal.

Answer 64

B

Question 65

In the emergency room you see a 65-year-old woman who fell on her outstretched right hand while walking on ice. Upon examination of the right limb, you feel and see a dorsal protrusion just proximal to the wrist. You suspect a:

A) fractured lunate.

B) fractured distal radius (Colles fracture).

C) mid-radial fracture.

D) dislocated first carpometacarpal joint.

E) dislocated midcarpal joint.

Answer 65

B

Question 66

You observe a physician perform a muscle test by having the patient abduct her arm 90 degrees and move the arm forward against resistance. What muscle (or part of a muscle) is the physician testing?

A) middle deltoid

B) subscapularis

C) clavicular head of pectoralis major

D) sternocostal head of pectoralis major

E) serratus anterior

Answer 66

C

Question 67

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the wrist joint or wrist bones?

A) Movements at the wrist joint proper (radiocarpal joint) are augmented by movements at the midcarpal and intercarpal joints.

B) The joint involves the radius, articular disk, and all of the carpal bones in the proximal row except the pisiform.

C) Branches of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves supply the joint.

D) Fracture of the lunate is common in children and typically heals well because of multiple sources of blood.

E) Fracture-separation of the distal radial epiphysis is common in children and typically heals well when reduced.

Answer 67

D

Question 68

In the emergency room you examine a young girl who is “protecting” her right upper limb by holding it while maintaining the elbow flexed and forearm pronated. The patient’s father related that the patient was misbehaving as the school bus door opened and he inadvertently jerked her up by the hand to lift her onto the bus. You order a series of upper limb radiographs but are fairly certain the injury is:

A) a ruptured biceps tendon.

B) a ruptured pectoralis major tendon.

C) a dislocated (subluxed) radial head.

D) an avulsed lesser tubercle.

E) an avulsed medial humeral condyle.

Answer 68

C

Question 69

Which of the following statements is incorrect pertaining to the extensors carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles?

A) When only the two muscles act together, wrist extension and abduction is produced.

B) When the two muscles act with the extensor carpi ulnaris, only wrist extension is produced.

C) When the two muscles act with the flexor carpi ulnaris, only wrist abduction is produced.

D) One of the muscles is innervated by the ulnar and the other by the deep branch of the radial nerve.

E) Both attach to the humerus.

Answer 69

D

Question 70

The surface elevation identified by the arrow in the following photograph is caused by which of the following muscles?

A) subscapularis

B) trapezius

C) long head of triceps

D) serratus anterior

E) teres major

Answer 70

E

Question 71

Label the radiograph

Question 72

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to carpal tunnel syndrome?

A) It may involve weakness in the thenar muscles.

B) It may involve anesthesia of the central palm.

C) It may involve paresthesia in the lateral 3½ digits.

D) It may be caused by inflammation of the synovial sheaths of the flexor tendons.

E) Surgical transection of the flexor retinaculum typically relieves its associated symptoms.

Answer 72

B

Question 73

Elbow tendonitis (tennis elbow) is associated with:

A) inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

B) inflammation of the medial collateral ligament.

C) inflammation of the annular ligament.

D) rupture of the tendon of the extensor digitorum.

E) transient subluxation of the humero-radial-ulnar joint

Answer 73

A

Question 74

What is the correct order of structures in the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?

A) brachial artery, median nerve, biceps tendon

B) brachial artery, biceps tendon, median nerve

C) median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon

D) biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

E) biceps tendon, median nerve, brachial artery

Answer 74

D

Question 75

You examine a baseball pitcher who complains of weakened elbow flexion and has a rounded soft protuberance on the anterior surface of the distal part of his arm. Your most likely diagnosis is:

A) a damaged musculocutaneous nerve in association with a “pulling” of the coracobrachialis.

B) a ruptured long head of biceps tendon.

C) a ruptured short head of biceps tendon.

D) a ruptured brachialis tendon.

E) an elbow dislocation.

Answer 75

B

Question 76

The nerve most likely to be injured in a glenohumeral joint dislocation is the:

A) radial.

B) medial.

C) ulnar.

D) axillary.

E) supraclavicular.

Answer 76

D

Question 77

A 28 year-old hockey player was slammed violently into the boards. As he fell to the ice, he felt extreme pain. He supported his right shoulder with his left upper limb as he was helped off the ice and into the dressing room. When he removed his sweater and pads, the trainer noted that his right shoulder was sagging and that the acromion was abnormally prominent. When the trainer carefully attemped to abduct the right limb, the player complained of severe pain. Which of the following statements best describes the most likely cause of the player’s sagging shoulder and his inability to abudct the upper limb.

A) Fracture of the clavicle

B) Shoulder dislocation

C) Dislocation of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint

D) Dislocation of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint

E) Fracture of the head of humerus

Answer 77

D

Question 78

A 33-year-old tennis player initially experienced vague pain in the anterior region of her glenohumeral joint during a game. Then, she had the sensation of somthing popping during her third set. During the preliminary examination by her trainer, he noted tenderness over the intertubercular groove in the humerus, flexion and supination weakness of the forearm, and an abnormal bulge in the distal part of the anterior part of her arm. Radiographs of the shoulder and arm did not reveal skeletal abnormalities. Which of the following statements best describes the most likely cause of the symptoms and signs in this case?

A_ Avulsion of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

B) Rupture of the long head of the triceps brachii tendon

C) Rupture of the subscapularis tendon

D) Rupture of the tendon of the short head of the biceps

E) Rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

Answer 78

E

Question 79

“Wrist-drop” is associated with:

A) unopposed action of the lumbricals and interossei.

B) rupture of the extensor digitorum.

C) avulsion of the olecranon.

D) section of the radial nerve at the mid-humeral level.

E) section of the superficial branch of the radial nerve.

Answer 79

D

Question 80

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the anatomic “snuffbox”?

A) It is bounded anteriorly by the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.

B) It is bounded posteriorly by the tendon of extensor pollicis longus.

C) The radial artery traverses its floor.

D) The superficial branch of the radial nerve emerges from it.

E) The radial styloid process can be palpated within it.

Answer 80

D

Question 81

The abnormal condition shown in the following photograph is associated with paralysis of the:

A) serratus anterior.

B) rhomboids.

C) latissimus dorsi.

D) serratus posterior superior.

E) subscapularis.

Answer 81

A

Question 82

What does this picture show, what causes it?

Answer 82

Popeye deformity

• belly of long head of biceps brachii placed distally

Question 83

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the scaphoid?

A) It articulates with the radius.

B) It is the most frequently fractured carpal bone.

C) Fracture is accompanied by pain along the lateral side of the wrist.

D) A complication associated with fracture is avascular necrosis.

E) It attaches to the flexor retinaculum.

Answer 83

E

Question 84

Which muscle elevates the medial part of the clavicle following a fracture?

Answer 84

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 85

In the following MRI of the proximal forearm, the arrow points to the:

A) brachioradialis.

B) anconeus.

C) extensor digitorum.

D) flexor digitorum profundus.

E) supinator.

Answer 85

E

Question 86

The ridge indicated by the arrow in the following photograph overlies the tendon of which of the following muscles?

A) extensor pollicis longus

B) extensor pollicis brevis

C) abductor pollicis longus

D) abductor pollicis brevis

E) first dorsal interossei

Answer 86

C

Question 87

What is the weakest part of the clavicle?

Answer 87

junction of middle and lateral thirds

Question 88

The brachioradialis:

A) has a tendon that passes deep to the flexor retinaculum.

B) attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.

C) is innervated by the radial nerve.

D) acts at both the elbow and wrist joints.

E) extends the elbow.

Answer 88

C

Question 89

Rupture or tear of the ________ is the most common injury of the rotator cuff.

Answer 89

Supraspinatus

Question 90

Baseball players tend to develop ________ because repetitive use of the rotator cuff muscles causes the humeral head and rotator cuff to impinge on the coracoacromial arch and cause inflammation.

Answer 90

degenerative tendinities of the rotator cuff

Question 91

What is this muscle? Label the origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

O: sternum, medial 1/3 of clavicle

I: mastoid process

N: accessory (CN XI)

A: turns face towards opposite side, uni (flex neck towards side of muscle); (bi) flex neck; raise clavicle & sternum to assist breathing

Answer 91

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 92

What is the most common way to injure the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 92

• throwing
• raquet sports
• swimming
• weight lifting

Question 93

A fracture to the _____ called Colles fracture, can be referred to as the “dinner fork deformity”?

Answer 93

radius