Review Questions

Question 1

This is a segment of DNA that are organized into a cluster of genes that are considered a unit, they can be turned on or off

Answer 1

Operon

Question 2

This represents the sequence of bases to which RNA polymerase binds to transcription structural genes

Answer 2

Promoter

Question 3

This is a sequence of bases controlling the expression

Answer 3

Operator

Question 4

Each operon consists of a cluster of genes providing genetic codes for proteins, often having metabolically related functions

Answer 4

Structural genes

Question 5

There is a distant regulatory gene that codes for a _____ protein

Answer 5

repressor

Question 6

Sulfa Drugs kill bacteria by _______ _______ which means they bind to an inhibitor where the enzyme usually binds and prevents binding in the future, used regularly with allergy issues

Answer 6

Competitive inhibition

Question 7

Fluoroquinolones inhibit topoisomerases which is an enzyme that allows DNA to wind and unwind. This keeps things from replicating. An example of this would be _______

Answer 7

ciprofloxacin

Question 8

______ inhibits cell wall synthesis of Myobacterium, can cause liver damage, alters substrates binding site for DNA gyrase

Answer 8

Isoniazid

Question 9

Antibiotics are also known as the ____ _____ family

Answer 9

Beta-Lactam

Question 10

There are allergy issues with natural penicillin but they are effect against some _____ ______

Answer 10

Gram negative

Question 11

_______ is used for most infections (UTI, pneumonia, infections of skin) it targets peptidoglycan

Answer 11

Penicillin

Question 12

______ able to penetrate the CNS, making them useful against meningitis caused by pneumococci, meningococci, H. influenzae, and susceptible E. coli, Klebsiella, and penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.

Answer 12

Non-Penicillin Beta-Lactam antibiotic

Question 13

______ is indicated for the treatment of serious, life-threatening infections by Gram-positive bacteria which are unresponsive to other less toxic antibiotics. In particular, vancomycin should not be used to treat methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus because it is inferior to penicillins

Answer 13

Vancomycin

Question 14

These are commonly polypeptide antibiotics, affect cell membranes (LPS) used topically

Answer 14

Non Beta Antibiotics

Question 15

______ Selectivity and action based on ribosomal differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (treats chalmydia)

Answer 15

Tetracyclines

Question 16

The mechanism of action of the ____ is inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl tRNA.

Answer 16

macrolides

Question 17

_____ interferes with RNA synthesis, effects against tuberculosis, leprosy and meningitis, can cause liver damage

Answer 17

Rifampin