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Neuro Test 4 > Review Questions > Flashcards

Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

what auto immune disease produces antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors?

A

Myasthenia gravis

degrees of weakness increases with activity and improves with rest

motor dysfunction without sensation, cognitive, or autonomic symptoms

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2
Q

what disease is an immune related response in which the antibodies induce demyelination and oligodendrocyte apoptosis?

A

multiple sclerosis

Neurologic symptoms

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3
Q

decerebrate rigidity

A

occurs with transections of the brainstem between the midbrain and the pons

may be present persistently or elicited by stimuli

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4
Q

plantarflexion, extension of arms, extension of neck, wrist flexion - rigidity

A

decerebrate rigidity

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5
Q

decorticate rigidity

A

occurs with transections superior midbrain, or severe bilateral lesions of the cerebral cortex

Higher up damage

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6
Q

neck extended, plantar flexion, elbows flexed, wrists flexed, internally rotated upper extremity- rigidity

A

decorticate rigidity

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7
Q

medial motor tracks

A

postural proximal muscle control

reticulospinal
Medial vestibulospinal
Lateral vestibulospinal
Medial corticospinal

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8
Q

lateral motor tracts

A

Fractionated movement
Distal muscle control

Rubrospinal
Lateral corticospinal

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9
Q

reticulospinal

A

postural and gross limb movement
APAs, reaching, neck reflexive movement

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10
Q

medial vestibulospinal

A

postural, neck and upper back

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11
Q

medial corticospinal

A

Neck, shoulder, trunk muscles

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12
Q

lateral vestibulospinal

A

postural, extensors

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13
Q

rubrospinal

A

Distal upper extremity extensors

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14
Q

lateral corticospinal

A

Fractionation

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15
Q

upper motor neuron signs and symptoms

A

paresis
Hyperreflexia
Hypertonia
Positive Babinski

spasticity, exaggerated reflexes

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16
Q

lower motor neuron signs and symptoms

A

Paresis with atrophy
Hyporeflexia
Hypotonia
Absence of Babinski

weakness , muscle atrophy

cell bodies are located in ventral horn of spinal cord

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17
Q

Parkinson’s disease true

A

Gradual progression
Good response to L dopa
Gait Instability starts later
asymmetrical onset
Resting tremor

18
Q

Diseases like Parkinson’s, parkinsonism

A

rapid progression
Poor response to L dopa
Early symptoms of falling, dementia, hallucinations
Often have a symmetrical onset
MSA autonomic nervous system, blood pressure, respiration, bladder functions

19
Q

Utricle

A

Oriented horizontally
Detect head movement in horizontal plane
walking falling forward

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

20
Q

saccule

A

oriented vertically
Detect vertical displacement of the body
riding in an elevator, jumping up and down

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

21
Q

semi circular canals

A

detect the movement of the head on the body
Angular acceleration

Head bobbing spinning in a circle

Medial vestibulo spinal tract

22
Q

Asia scale-A

A

complete
no sensory or motor function at S4/5

23
Q

asia scale b

A

sensory incomplete

sensory but no motor function at S4/5

24
Q

Asia scale C

A

Motor incomplete

More than half of muscles below the neurological level of injury have a grade less than three

25
Q

Asia scale D

A

Motor incomplete

Half or more of key muscles below the neurological level of injury have a grade greater than or equal to three

26
Q

Asia scale E

A

Normal

27
Q

More Gray matter in which area

A

sacral

white matter- cervical

28
Q

where is more gray matter?

A

Sacral

Cervical has more white matter

29
Q

weber test

A

poorer ear- tone referred to this ear indicates conductive hearing loss

better ear- tone referred to this ear indicates perceptive impairment

30
Q

rinne test

A

normal- air conduction is twice as long as bone conduction

Conductive loss - bone conduction longer or equal to air conduction

Receptive- air conduction longer than bone conductions both variably shortened

31
Q

upper motor neuron lesion on the right

A

Patient can wrinkle forehead on both sides, but lacks the ability to keep the left eye closed

lower face affected, but the upper will be preserved

32
Q

lesion on left facial nerve

A

Both upper and lower face will be affected on that side

33
Q

place a vibrating tuning fork on the vertex of a persons cranium the sound is louder on the right side

A

Conductive hearing loss on the right

34
Q

Brainstem rule of four

A

two cranial nerves in midbrain- 3 and four

Four cranial nerves and pons- 5678

Four cranial nerves in medulla- 891012

35
Q

four tracks to the side that begin with the letter S

A

Spinothalamic
Sympathetic tract
Spinocerebellar
Spinal trigeminal tract

36
Q

four motor mediately located nuclei in the brainstem

A

3 4 6 12

37
Q

Four structures near the midline that begin with the letter M

A

Motor nuclei that move eyes and tongue-34 612

Motor tract corticospinal

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

DCML medial lemniscus

38
Q

four ds of brain stem dysfunction

A

dysphasia
dysarthria
diplopia
dysmetria

39
Q

horners syndrome

A

decreased sweating anhidyrosis
drooping eye ptosis
miosis decreased pupil size

40
Q

pica brainstem strokes

A

ataxia
l horners
l facial numbness
hoarse voice
decreased pin prick right side

Neuro Test 4 (9 decks)

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