Cerebrum disorders

Question 1

epilepsy

Answer 1

tonic-clonic seizures
absence seizures
status epilepticus
postictal period

Question 2

callostomy

Answer 2

surgery that cuts corpus callosum

cases with excessive neuronal activity

limits activity to one hemisphere

leads to poor communication between hemispheres and may perform conflicting tasks

Question 3

corpus callosum

Answer 3

huge fiber bundle connecting the hemisphere

Question 4

traumatic brain injury

Answer 4

mild tbi- concussion
moderate to severe- MVA, military, falls, violence

Question 5

TBI may affect

Answer 5

personality
Cognition
Consciousness
Communication
Memory
Sensory
Autonomic function
Motor
Visual

Question 6

primary sensory areas deficits in

Answer 6

Discriminative sensory information

Question 7

secondary sensory areas deficits

Answer 7

Agnosia

Question 8

Motor planning area deficit

Answer 8

Apraxia

Question 9

primary motor cortex deficit

Answer 9

Fractionation of movement

Question 10

dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex deficit

Answer 10

Executive function

Question 11

temporoparietal association areas deficit in

Answer 11

Communication

Question 12

ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association cortex deficit

Answer 12

Personality and emotion

Question 13

Visual spatial neglect

Answer 13

Ignoring one side or stimulus coming from one side of one’s own body

Damage to the right parietal area

Question 14

somatognosia

Answer 14

loss of awareness of body parts

damage to the dominant parietal lobe

Question 15

sensory extinction

Answer 15

impaired ability to perceive multiple stimuli of same type simultaneously

contralateral lesion

Question 16

right/left discrimination disorder

Answer 16

difficulty determining right and left sides of ones own body

damage to right parietal occipital area

Question 17

anosognosia

Answer 17

severe denial, neglect or lack of awareness of condition

damage to right anterior insula

Question 18

agnosia

Answer 18

inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality while regaining ability to recognize same object with other sensory modalities

due to damage to secondary sensory areas

Question 19

Visual agnosia

Answer 19

inability to visually recognize objects despite having intact vision

lesions in the secondary visual area

Prosopagnosia is face blindness

Question 20

auditory agnosia

Answer 20

can perceive sound, but cannot recognize it

Damage to the left, secondary auditory cortex leads to an inability to understand speech

Damage to the right auditory cortex interferes with interpretation of environmental sounds

Question 21

astereognosia

Answer 21

inability to identify objects by touch and manipulation despite intact discriminative somatosensation

due to lesions to secondary somatosensory area

Question 22

apraxia

Answer 22

knowledge of how to perform skilled movements is lost

Inability to perform voluntary learned movements and the absence of loss of sensation, strength, coordination, attention or comprehension

Represents a breakdown in the conceptual system or production system or both

Secondary to damage to motor or supplementary motor areas or inferior parietal lobe

Question 23

Constructional apraxia

Answer 23

Unable to comprehend relationship of parts to the whole

Question 24

Ideational apraxia

Answer 24

Cannot perform the task at all either on command or on own

Question 25

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 25

Cannot perform the task on command, but can do the task when left on their own

Question 26

Motor perseveration

Answer 26

The uncontrollable repetition of a movement

Question 27

Emotional lability

Answer 27

abnormal uncontrolled expressions of emotion

Abrupt mood shifts, usually to anger, depression, or anxiety

inVoluntary inappropriate emotional expression in the absence of subjective emotion

Emotion is triggered by nonspecific stimuli unrelated to the motion expressed

have to put increased effort into stopping emotional reactions

Question 28

neglect

Answer 28

tendency to behave as if one side of the body does not exist

Damage to right parietal area
Increased hyperactivity of left brain attention

Question 29

Alien hand syndrome

Answer 29

Isolated activation of primary motor cortex

Involuntary uncontrollable movement of the upper extremity

Moves without intention

Damage to a variety of cortical and sub cortical structures

Treated with visual feedback and sensory stimulation for affected limb