Cerebrum disorders Flashcards
epilepsy
tonic-clonic seizures
absence seizures
status epilepticus
postictal period
callostomy
surgery that cuts corpus callosum
cases with excessive neuronal activity
limits activity to one hemisphere
leads to poor communication between hemispheres and may perform conflicting tasks
corpus callosum
huge fiber bundle connecting the hemisphere
traumatic brain injury
mild tbi- concussion
moderate to severe- MVA, military, falls, violence
TBI may affect
personality
Cognition
Consciousness
Communication
Memory
Sensory
Autonomic function
Motor
Visual
primary sensory areas deficits in
Discriminative sensory information
secondary sensory areas deficits
Agnosia
Motor planning area deficit
Apraxia
primary motor cortex deficit
Fractionation of movement
dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex deficit
Executive function
temporoparietal association areas deficit in
Communication
ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association cortex deficit
Personality and emotion
Visual spatial neglect
Ignoring one side or stimulus coming from one side of one’s own body
Damage to the right parietal area
somatognosia
loss of awareness of body parts
damage to the dominant parietal lobe
sensory extinction
impaired ability to perceive multiple stimuli of same type simultaneously
contralateral lesion
right/left discrimination disorder
difficulty determining right and left sides of ones own body
damage to right parietal occipital area
anosognosia
severe denial, neglect or lack of awareness of condition
damage to right anterior insula
agnosia
inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality while regaining ability to recognize same object with other sensory modalities
due to damage to secondary sensory areas
Visual agnosia
inability to visually recognize objects despite having intact vision
lesions in the secondary visual area
Prosopagnosia is face blindness
auditory agnosia
can perceive sound, but cannot recognize it
Damage to the left, secondary auditory cortex leads to an inability to understand speech
Damage to the right auditory cortex interferes with interpretation of environmental sounds
astereognosia
inability to identify objects by touch and manipulation despite intact discriminative somatosensation
due to lesions to secondary somatosensory area
apraxia
knowledge of how to perform skilled movements is lost
Inability to perform voluntary learned movements and the absence of loss of sensation, strength, coordination, attention or comprehension
Represents a breakdown in the conceptual system or production system or both
Secondary to damage to motor or supplementary motor areas or inferior parietal lobe
Constructional apraxia
Unable to comprehend relationship of parts to the whole
Ideational apraxia
Cannot perform the task at all either on command or on own
ideomotor apraxia
Cannot perform the task on command, but can do the task when left on their own
Motor perseveration
The uncontrollable repetition of a movement
Emotional lability
abnormal uncontrolled expressions of emotion
Abrupt mood shifts, usually to anger, depression, or anxiety
inVoluntary inappropriate emotional expression in the absence of subjective emotion
Emotion is triggered by nonspecific stimuli unrelated to the motion expressed
have to put increased effort into stopping emotional reactions
neglect
tendency to behave as if one side of the body does not exist
Damage to right parietal area
Increased hyperactivity of left brain attention
Alien hand syndrome
Isolated activation of primary motor cortex
Involuntary uncontrollable movement of the upper extremity
Moves without intention
Damage to a variety of cortical and sub cortical structures
Treated with visual feedback and sensory stimulation for affected limb
