diencephalon

Question 1

4 structures of the diencephalon

Answer 1

thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus

Question 2

thalamus

Answer 2

located in the center of the brain
Important processing station

Nearly all pathways projecting to cerebral cortex synapse first in the thalamus

Question 3

thalamic nuclei process information coming from

Answer 3

Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
limbic pathways
Brainstem reticular formation

Question 4

thalamic nuclei receive dense reciprocal feedback connections from

Answer 4

Cortical areas to which they project

more corticothalamic projections than thalamocortical projections

Question 5

thalamus divided into 3 groups

Answer 5

by the internal medullary lamina

Relay nuclei
Association nuclei
Non-specific nuclei

Question 6

internal medullary lamina is shaped like

Answer 6

y shaped

White matter structure

Question 7

relay nuclei

Answer 7

Motor
Ventral anterior
Ventral lateral

sensory
ventral posterolateral
Ventral posteromedial
Medial geniculate
lateral geniculate

Question 8

association nuclei

Answer 8

declarative memory
Anterior nucleus
Lateral dorsal
Midline

Sensory integration
Lateral posterior
pulvinar

Emotion
Medial group

Question 9

Non-specific nuclei

Answer 9

Intralaminar
Reticular

Question 10

thalamic relay nuclei

Answer 10

Receive input from numerous pathways and then project to the cortex

Make up most of thalamus

Receive massive reciprocal connections back from the cortex

Projections to the cortex may localized to specific cortical regions or more diffuse

Question 11

Somatosensory pathways from the spinal cord relay in

Answer 11

The VPL

Question 12

somatosensory pathways from the cranial nerves relay in the

Answer 12

VPM

Question 13

VPM and VPL project to

Answer 13

Primary sensory cortex

Question 14

Visual information is relayed in the

Answer 14

LGN

Question 15

auditory information is relayed in

Answer 15

the MGN

Question 16

motor pathways from the cerebellum and basal ganglia have thalamic relays in

Answer 16

VL
VA

Question 17

VL projects to

Answer 17

project to motor, premotor, supplementary motor cortex

Question 18

VA projects to

Answer 18

project to motor planning areas

Question 19

Hypothalamus functions

Answer 19

homeostasis
Eating, reproductive, and defensive behaviors
Emotional expression
Circadian rhythm
Endocrine regulation
Activation of sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

Epithalamus structures

Answer 20

habenula- response to odors

pineal gland- sleepwake cycle modulation

Question 21

subthalamus

Answer 21

involved in controlling motor function

contains subthalamic nuclei parts of the red nuclei and substantia nigra

ascending and descending tracts