Review PS

Question 1

Life course theory

Answer 1

posits that aging is a social, psychological and biological process beginning from birth to death

Question 2

Dependency ratio

Answer 2

As society is filled with the old and the young who cannot work, dependence on the core workers increases

Question 3

Age stratification theory

Answer 3

look at age as a way of regulating behaviour of a generation i.e the inequalities and differences that create different cohorts

• Functionalists: oldies disengage for good of self and society
• Conflict: the old leave and create opportunities for the young i.e competition for resources
• Modernization:status of old has decreased since traditional bases of power have eroded with modernity

Question 4

Activity theory

Answer 4

relates to how old people look at themselves ie lose jobs/roles as they age

Question 5

Disengagement theory

Answer 5

Older people and society dissociate from each other i.e during retirement so they can be self absorbed and allow self reflection

Question 6

Continuity theory

Answer 6

adults try to maintain basic structures for their lives over time

Question 7

Urban growth models 3

Answer 7

• Concentric zone
• Sector model
• Multiple nuclei
  
  • all subscribe to the natural growth urban ecology model

Question 8

Growth machine theory of urbanisation

Answer 8

Urban centres grow due to coalition of self interest groups who benefit eg politicians, real estate agents and developers

Question 9

Population dynamics; what causes populations to change

Answer 9

• Migration
• Fertility rate
• Mortility rates

Question 10

Demographic transition refers to what

Answer 10

the shift in a country’s population i.e. when it transitions from high birth rates and high death rates to a more stabilising level

Question 11

World systems theory posit

Answer 11

that the world operates as a unit with core countries, semi-periphery and periphery countries

Question 12

Modernisation theory states that

Answer 12

all countries follow a similar path from traditional to modern societies. with some help, traditional countries can modernise using the same path

Question 13

Dependency theory

Answer 13

Looks at the inequalities amongst countries cites that periphery/3rd world countries will never achieve fiscal superiority since they’re being exploited for resources by core countries

Question 14

Skeptical perspective theory of globalisation

Answer 14

critical of globalisation stating that the poor countries are not benefitting like the rich ones

Question 15

Characteristics of social movements; examples of

Answer 15

Social movts require organisation, leadership and resources

2 forms exist

• Activist movts- want change in an aspect of society
• Regressive/reactionary movts- actively trying to resist change

Question 16

Theories to why social movements form

Answer 16

• Mass society theory
• Relative deprivation theory
• Resource mobilisation theory
• Rational choice theory

Question 17

Mass society theory posits that

Answer 17

people join social movts because it gives them a sense of belonging to something larger than themselves eg nazism

Question 18

Relative deprivation theory

Answer 18

Comparative theory that posits even if one is doing well, comparing the situation with those of others and finding deprived creates a social movement to right the ship. There are 3 aspects; comparison with another group, feeling conventional means would not address the problem eg civil rights movement

Question 19

Resource mobilisation theory

Answer 19

for a social movement to be successful, it must amass resources. so those with resources prevail and those without fail.

Question 20

Rational choice theory

Answer 20

people compare pros and cons of different courses of actions and choose the one they think is best