Review On Human Development Flashcards
Explores how we change and grow from conception to death
Lifespan Development
Refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans throughout the lifespan.
Human Development
Domain of HumDev
Growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness
Physical
Domains of HumDev
Learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
- Processes of thinking (brain)
Cognitive
Domains of HumDev
Emotions, personality, and social relationships
- How we use our emotions in dealing with our connections/ relationships with other people
Psychosocial
Key Issues in HumDev
Continuous or Discontinuous?
- E.g., development of the tree - does not change much
One course of development or many courses of development?
- Do we only develop according to this area or a multitude of areas?
Nature vs Nurture
- Predetermined by genes or affected by people around us?
8 Periods of Human Development
Prenatal development
Infancy (0-2)
Early childhood (2-6)
Middle childhood (6-11)
Adolescence (11-18)
Early Adulthood (18-40)
Middle Adulthood (40-65)
Late Adulthood (65-death)
True or False:
THERE IS LEARNING/DEVELOPMENT/CHANGES IN EACH PERIOD OF LIFE
TRUE
Key Principle of Lifespan Development
Development is not completed in infancy or childhood or at any specific age; it encompasses the entire lifespan, from conception to death.
KP 1: DEVELOPMENT IS LIFELONG
Key Principle of Lifespan Development
Dynamic interaction of factors (biological, cognitive, and socioemotional) is what influences an individual’s development.
KP 2: DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL
Key Principle of Lifespan Development
Development of a particular domain does not occur in a strictly linear fashion but that development of certain traits can be characterized as having the capacity for both an increase and decrease in efficacy over the course of an individual’s life.
KP 3: DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDIRECTIONAL
Key Principle of Lifespan Development
There are many possible developmental outcomes and that the nature of human development is much more open and pluralistic than originally implied by traditional views; there is no single pathway that must be taken in an individual’s development across the lifespan.
KP 4: DEVELOPMENT IS PLASTIC
Key Principle of Lifespan Development
Development occurs in context and varies from person to person, depending on factors; three types of influences - normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, and nonnormative influences
KP 5: DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEXTUAL
Three Types of Influences
Nonnormative
Normative age-graded
Normative history-graded
Key Principle of Lifespan Development
A combination of disciplines is necessary to understand development - any single discipline’s account of development across the lifespan would not be able to express all aspects of this theoretical framework.
KP 6: DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Who is is credited with conducting the first systematic study of developmental psychology?
Charles Darwin
What theory is Charles Darwin associated to?
History of Developmental Psychology
Charles Darwin published a short paper detailing the development of what?
Innate forms of communication
How did Charles Darwin experiment innate forms of communication?
Scientific observations of his infant son and comparisons to animal psychology (dog)
In “The Descent of Man” by Charles Darwin, what is key to understanding the mental development of the child?
Child language acquisition
According to Charles Darwin, babies are better than animals because of what?
‘Infinitely larger power’ of associating sounds and concepts
Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man that the language of dogs is equivalent to the language of
10-12 mos old babies
Theory: A non-traditional approach to learning that focuses on fostering a sense of independence and personal development in the classroom
Montessori Theory of Education (Maria Montessori)
Theory: Is a child-centered approach to learning and teaching that believes all children are innately motivated to learn and will do so given the environment and tools they need
Montessori Theory of Education (Maria Montessori)
Theory: Assessment is based on student-developed portfolios and teachers’ observational data (no tests and grades)
Montessori Theory of Education (Maria Montessori)
Who is the responsible for the Montessori Theory of Education?
Maria Montessori
Theory: Physical and mental development in FIXED SEQUENCES directed by our genes
Maturation Theory (Arnold Gesell)
Theory: Children will go through the SAME STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT, in the same sequence but EACH CHILD will go through the stages AT THEIR OWN RATE
Maturation Theory (Arnold Gesell)
Which theorist originated the theory that development occurs in a cephalocaudal
development?
Arnold Gesell