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M1 - Normal Development > AnaPhy of Respiration > Flashcards

AnaPhy of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Speech System: Biological need that we have as humans in order to survive

A

Respiration

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2
Q

Speech System: voicing; Happens through vibration of the vocal folds

A

Phonation

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3
Q

Speech System: How our voice quality is made

A

Resonation

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4
Q

Speech System: Product of when our articulators come in contact with one another to create speech sounds

A

Articulation

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5
Q

What are the Speech Systems?

A

Respiration, Phonation, Resonation, Articulation

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6
Q

Frameworks of Respiration includes…

A

Bony thorax, Visceral thorax, and Muscles

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7
Q

Bony thorax
- Supports body’s physical structure
- Provides attachment to muscles through its processes

A

Vertebral Column

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8
Q

Bony thorax
- Provides the basis for respiratory framework
- Form point of attachment for the ribs and bony thorax

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

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9
Q

The joint between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs allows for a ___ motion that enables the ribs to L___ R_____ against the vertebrae. This allows the ribs to _____ during _____→ rib cage expands → brings more volume of air in (necessary for gas exchange mechanism)

A

Gliding motion, laterally rotate, flare out, inspiration

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10
Q

Can flare out via lateral rotation d/t vertebral articulation

A

Ribs and Rib Cage

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11
Q

Rib Cage has a chondral portions attached to the ___

A

Sternum

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12
Q

12 ribs are classified as:

A

True (1-7), False (8-10), Floating (11-12)

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13
Q

Chondral portion has ___ properties that allows for the ribs to twist along the long axis without breaking

A

Elastic

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14
Q

Breast bone

A

Sternum

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15
Q

3 parts of Sternum

A

Manubrium Sterni, Corpus Sterni, and Xiphoid Process

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16
Q

Part of sternum that has facets that articulate with clavicle & first rib

A

Manubrium Sterni

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17
Q

Part of sternum that is attached to more ribs via cartilage

A

Corpus Sterni

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18
Q

Part of sternum that is the junction w/ corpus is where Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed

A

Xiphoid Process

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19
Q

3 Respiratory Passageways

A

Mouth, Nose, Trachea

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20
Q

Known as the “windpipe”

A

Trachea

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21
Q

Trachea is made of…

A

Hyaline cartilage rings, smooth muscle, and mucous membrane lining

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22
Q

Trachea bifurcates/ divides into:

A

Right and Left bronchi

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23
Q

Angle of the right bronchi

A

20° - 30° angle

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24
Q

Angle of the left bronchi

A

45° - 55° angle

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25
Q

Which bronchi is more susceptible to foreign bodies?

A

Right Bronchi

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26
Q

Has cough receptors that are highly sensitive in the presence of foreign bodies; Known as our last line of defense since it occurs before the bifurcation of the right and left bronchi

A

Carina trachaea

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27
Q

Directly posterior to the trachea; In a collapsed condition unless occupied by bolus

A

Esophagus

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28
Q

Directly posterior to the trachea

A

Esophagus

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29
Q

Soft, spongy, porous elastic structures with specialized tissue for gas exchange

A

Lungs

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30
Q

Which lung is broader, bigger, shorter

A

Right lung

31
Q

Increasingly smaller tubes that progress into the depths of the lungs

A

Secondary and Tertiary Bronchi

32
Q

Where does the Secondary and Tertiary Bronchi end?

A

Terminal respiratory bronchioles

33
Q

Final respiratory gas exchange region

A

Alveoli

34
Q

Most protected region in the body; House the heart and other vital structures

A

Mediastinum

35
Q

Respiration process

A

Air → comes in the nasal and oral cavities → passes through the trachea → trachea bifurcates into right and left main bronchi → supply right and left lungs → (within the lungs) secondary and tertiary bronchi (end at the terminal respiratory bronchioles → alveoli

36
Q

Boyle’s Law: Pressure and volume have an ___ relationship

A

Inverse

37
Q

Gases like oxygen will only move _____ the pressure gradient

A

down

38
Q

Explain the syringe analogy for the Boyle’s Law

A

Pull the barrel down, the volume increases → Pressure turns negative compared to the outside pressure so the gas will rush in

Push the barrel up, the volume decreases → Pressure turns positive compared to the outside pressure so the gas will move out

39
Q

Primary muscle for inspiration (quiet breathing)

A

Diaphragm

40
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when we inhale?

A

Contracts, flattens, moves downward

41
Q

Innervation of the Diaphragm

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3, C4, C5)

42
Q

Muscles that move UP and OUT to expand ribcage during quiet breathing

CLUE: EXCITED

A

External Intercostals

43
Q

Muscles that only have some participation/involvement during inspiration via the interchondral portion

A

Internal Intercostals

44
Q

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates sternum, rib cage

A

Sternocleidomastoid

45
Q

Accessory muscles during inspiration that elevates rib cage

A

Serratus Posterior Sup.
Levatores Costarum

46
Q

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates upper ribs

A

Scalenus

47
Q

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elongates neck

A

Trapezius

48
Q

Accessory muscle during inspiration that increases transverse dimension of ribs

A

Pectoralis Major

49
Q

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates rib 1

A

Minor Subclavius

50
Q

Accessory muscle during inspiration that elevates scapula

A

Levator Scapulae

51
Q

Accessory muscles during inspiration that stabilizes shoulder girdle

A

Rhomboideus Major, Minor

52
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when we exhale?

A

Relax and return to its dome-shape

53
Q

What happens to the rib cage muscles when we exhale?

A

Relax

54
Q

Primary muscle of expiration

Compress the rib cage

CLUE: When you’re feeling DOWN/ DEPRESSED you want to stay INdoors

A

Internal Intercostals

55
Q

Accessory muscles during expiration that depresses rib cage

A

Transversus Thoracis
Serratus Posterior Inf.
Subcostal

56
Q

Accessory muscle during expiration that stabilizes abdominal wall

A

Latissimus Dorsi

57
Q

Accessory muscles during expiration that compresses abdomen

A

Transversus Abdominis
Internal & External Oblique
Quadratus Lumborum

58
Q

Accessory muscle during expiration that flexes vertebral column

A

Rectus Abdominis

59
Q

Accessory muscle during expiration that flexes vertebral column

A

Rectus Abdominis

60
Q

1 Respiratory Cycle involves ___

A

Inspiration AND Expiration

61
Q

An adult completes ____ cycles of respiration PER MINUTE

A

12-18 cycles

62
Q

Amount of air that we breathe in and out during quiet breathing

A

Tidal volume (TV)

63
Q

Amount of air that we can maximally try to inhale

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

64
Q

Volume of air that we can maximally try to exhale

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

65
Q

No matter how much we try to exhale, there is always an amount of air that will be left in our lungs

A

Residual Volume (RV)

66
Q

Combination of 2 or more lung volumes

A

Lung capacities

67
Q

Formula for Inspiratory Capacity

A

TV + IRV

68
Q

Formula for Functional Residual Capacity

A

ERV + RV

69
Q

Formula for Vital Capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV

70
Q

Formula for Total Lung Capacity

A

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

71
Q

For continuous speech, we need ___ pressure

A

constant

72
Q

Inhalation takes __% of the cycle, exhalation takes ___%

A

40% ; 60%

73
Q

Loud speech needs pressure, ___ is key

A

increased initial volume

M1 - Normal Development (6 decks)

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