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M1 - Normal Development > AnaPhy of Phonation > Flashcards

AnaPhy of Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

More commonly known as the “Voice box” as it houses the vocal folds

A

Larynx

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2
Q

Larynx is located at the middle of the _____ and the ____

A

Hyoid bone and the trachea

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3
Q

3 Unpaired Cartilages (ETC)

A

Epiglottis, Thyroid, and Cricoid

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4
Q

Drops to cover the larynx opening during swallowing via aryepiglottic muscle

A

Epiglottis

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5
Q

Largest laryngeal cartilage

A

Thyroid

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6
Q

Laryngeal Prominence is more commonly known as _____

A

Adam’s apple

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7
Q

Below the thyroid cartilage

A

Cricoid

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8
Q

3 Paired Cartilages (CCA)

A

Cuneiform, Corniculate, Arytenoid

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9
Q

Provides additional degree of integrity to the larynx

A

Cuneiform

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10
Q

Sits on top of the arytenoid cartilage

Function: more for structure and rigidity

A

Corniculate

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11
Q

Paired cartilage that looks like a pyramid

A

Arytenoid

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12
Q

Anterior process of the Arytenoid that attaches to the vocal ligament of the vocal folds

A

Vocal Process

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13
Q

Anterior process of the Arytenoid that forms attachment to important muscles for abduction and adduction of the vocal folds

A

Muscular Process

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14
Q

Allows gliding and rocking motion of the arytenoid cartilage against the cricoid cartilage which helps tense/adduct the vocal folds

A

Cricoarytenoid joint

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15
Q

Muscles wherein both its origin and insertion are on laryngeal cartilages

Muscles affect VF movement

A

Intrinsic Muscles

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16
Q

Sole abductors

Clue: Pag mag-isa ka, mas gusto mo nasa likod ka → POSTERIOR

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle

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17
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle aids in ____ and ____

A

Movement of air and production of voiceless consonants

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18
Q

ADDUCTS Vocal Folds

Aids in medial compression

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle

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19
Q

ADDUCTS Vocal Folds
Aids in medial compression
Looks like a band
Brings two arytenoid cartilages together

A

Transverse Arytenoid

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20
Q

ADDUCTS Vocal Folds
Aids in medial compression
Aids in pulling epiglottis to close

CLUE: WAKANDA FOREVER

A

Oblique Arytenoid

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21
Q

Depresses thyroid relative to cricoid
Stretches & stiffens vocal folds

A

Cricothyroid

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22
Q

Innervation of the

A

Vagus (CN 10), Superior Laryngeal Nerve

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23
Q

From thyroarytenoid muscle
Tenses vocal folds

A

Thyrovocalis

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24
Q

Innervation of all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except Cricothyroid

A

Vagus (CN 10), RLN

25
Q

Opening of the vocal folds

CLUE: (B)ukas

26
Q

Closing of the vocal folds

CLUE: (D)ikit

27
Q

Muscles with only one attachment on laryngeal cartilages

A

Extrinsic Muscles

28
Q

List muscles that elevates the larynx

CLUE: Got Good Moves Super Happy Dances

A

Geniohyoid, Genioglossus, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus, Digastricus Anterior/ Posterior

29
Q

List muscles that depresses the larynx

CLUE: TOSS

A

Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid

30
Q

Key in gaining laryngeal control

A

Laryngeal Stability

31
Q

The larynx is intimately linked via the hyoid bone to the tongue - therefore, _____ is translated directly to the larynx

A

tongue movement

32
Q

During infancy, larynx is e____.

33
Q

Elevation of the larynx during infancy helps facilitate __________ needed for nursing

A

anterior tongue protrusion

34
Q

At what age does the larynx start to descend

A

2 years old

35
Q

Modulate the flow of air expelled from the lungs during phonation

A

Vocal folds

36
Q

Space in the middle of the VF

A

Rima glottidis / glottis

37
Q

What is the most important function of the larynx?

A

Protection of the airway

38
Q

Deep inhalation through widely abducted vocal folds → high pressure of forced expiration blows the adducted vocal folds apart

39
Q

Build pressure in the subglottal region (under the VF) and clamp the vocal folds shut to restrain the pressure

A

Throat Clearing

40
Q

When the reflex is triggered, the larynx elevates, and the epiglottis drops down to cover the opening

A

Swallowing

41
Q

Determined by the frequency of vocal fold vibration

42
Q

Strength of the forces within a given material

43
Q

↑ stiffness _____ frequency

44
Q

Amount of matter in material

45
Q

↑ mass ___ frequency

46
Q

Length
↑ length __ frequency

47
Q

An individual’s typical pitch; lowest frequency produced by the vocal folds

A

Fundamental Frequency

48
Q

Why do males have a lower fundamental frequency than females?

A

Because they have greater muscle mass, longer vocal fold length

49
Q

Fundamental frequency increase comes from stretching and tensing the vocal folds using the ____ and the ____ muscles. [TENSORS]

A

Cricothyroid and thyrovocalis

50
Q

Determined by the intensity of vocal fold opening during a cycle of vibration

51
Q

Theory that states that increased speed of air passing between the vocal folds creates a suction effect that brings the vocal folds together.

A

Bernoulli Effect

52
Q

Bernoulli Effect states that VF movement is not only driven by muscular effort (adduction and abduction of muscles), but it is also greatly driven by what?

A

Air pressure (subglottal pressure)

53
Q

Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory - Mechanism of phonation underlies what 2 elements?

A

Muscles and Airflow = sustained vibration of the VF during phonation

54
Q

Theory that states wave-like movement of the vocal fold cover (epithelium and superficial layer of the lamina propria) during vibration

A

Mucosal Wave Action

55
Q

Movement of the VF

A

Inferior to superior

56
Q

VF that vibrates to produce sounds

A

True vocal folds

57
Q

Separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway

A

Aryepiglottic folds

58
Q

Vibrate only at low freq.

Compresses during coughing and lifting

A

Ventricular (false) vocal folds

M1 - Normal Development (6 decks)

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