Review: Hip and Knee Joints Flashcards
true or false: only 1/2 of the fibular head fits into the acetabulum
truethis actually makes it more stable
where is the head of the femur not covered with articular cartilage?
the head of the femur is completely covered with articular cartilage, except over the fovea capitis femoris
what is the articular surface of the acetabulum?
the lunate surface- this surface is covered in cartilage
what covers the floor of the acetabulum?
devoid of cartilage, contains a fibroelastic mass
where is the articular capsule of the hip joint thickest
along anterior and upper parts
circular fibers along the neck of femur
zona obicularis
largest strongest and widest ligament of the hip joint
iliofemoral ligament
describe the iliofemoral ligament
NAME?
what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
check hyperextension and external rotationhelps to maintain erect posture
base attached to teh superior ramus of pubis and obturator crestapex blends with iliiofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament
check hyperextension, abduction, and external rotation
which ligament has a spiral arrangement?
ischiofemoral ligament
attached to ody of ischium below and behind acetabulumfibers go up and laterally to attach to the femoral neck below the greater trochanter
ischiofemoral ligament
when does the ischiofemoral ligament become tense and what does it protect?
becomes tense during extension of femurchecks hyperextension and internal rotation
attached to the fovea capitis by its base to the transverse ligament, covered by synovial membrane
ligament capitis femoris
when does the ligament capitis femoris become tense
when the flexed thigh is adducted
fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of acetabulum
acetabular labrum-functions to make the opening more narrow
continuation of acetabular labrum across the acetabular notch, containing no cartilage cells
transverse acetabular ligament
what arteries supply the head of the femur
the retinacular arteries(branches of medial and lateral circumflex arteries from the profunda/deep femoral a.)
which type of hip fracture is more likely to lead to necrosis?
subcapital (below head) fracture because it breaks vessels to headthe basal fracture occurs at the base of the neck
what is the largest joint in the body?
knee
what type of joint is the knee joint
structurally resembles a hinge joint, but allows rotation and gliding movement
joint between tibia and femur
hinge joint with rotatory movement possible = condyloid joint
joint between patella and femur
plane gliding joint
joint between patella and tibia
NOPE
what encloses the patella
quadriceps tendon
from patella to tuberosity of tibia
patellar ligament
extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
lateral collateral ligament/fibular collateral ligament
covered by tendon of biceps femoris
LCL
not attached to lateral meniscus =firmly attached to medial meniscus =
LCLMCL
tendon of the popliteus is _________ to the LCL
deep
found on both sides of the LCL
biceps tendon divides to go on both side of the LCL ligament
extends from medial epicondyle of femur below the adductor tubercle to the medial surface of the tibia
MCL/tibial collateral ligament
both collateral ligaments become tight during __________ and stabilize the knee joint
extension
the MCL is crossed by tendons of the ________
gracilissemitendious sartorius= pes anserinus
the oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of …
the tnedon of semimebranosus muscle
what is the function of the oblique poplitealligamnet
strengthens the posterior aspect of the joint capsule
fibers fo from medial condyle of tibia to lateral condyle of femur
oblique popliteal ligament- forms part of the floor of popliteal fossa and the popliteal vessels rest on it
arches medially over tendon of popliteal muscle to attach to intercondylar area of tibia and to the fibular head
arcuate popliteal ligament
deep fibers of the capsule attached to the menisci
coronary ligament
5 intra-articular ligaments within the capsule with attach tibia to femur
transverse ligamentanterior and posterior meniscofemoralACLposterior cruciate
connect the two menisci of knee anteriorly
transverse ligament
travel obliquely from the lateral menisci to the medial femoral condyle
anterior and posterior meniscofemoral
the cruciate ligaments are named according to their…
tibial attachments
from anterior itnerchondral fossa to lateral condyle of femur
ACL
what is the purpose of the cruciate ligaments
stop hyperextension at the knee
which cruciate is longer?
ACL but also weaker
from posterior interchondral fossa to the medial condyle of femur
stops hyperflexion at the knee
C-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage that are interposed between femoral and tibial condyles and attached to tibial condyles
mesinisci of knee joint
function of the menisci of knee
deepen the articular surfaces
what is the blood supply to the knee joint
middle genicular artery penetrates the capsule and supplies intercondylar structures
synovial fluid escapes into popliteal fossa
bakers cyst
most common knee injury
ligament sprain
unhappy triad cause
hit on lateral knee
damaged structures in unhappy triad
MCLmedial meniscusACL
positive anterior drawer test
ACL tear
skiing accident v. car accident
skiing more likely ACLcar more likely PCL
positive posterior drawer test
PCL tear
genu varum
bow leg (decreased Q angle)
genu valgus
knock knee (increased Q angle)
how many of the 12 bursae around the knee joiint communicate with the knee joint
four
