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Anatomy 6 > 54: Scapular and Pectoral Regions > Flashcards

54: Scapular and Pectoral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

only bony attachment of the upper limb to the thorax

A

sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

end of the clavicle distal by the shoulder

A

acromial end

the sternal end is obvi by the sternum

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3
Q

what structures are contained withing the suprascapular notch on the scapula?

A

the notch is for the suprascapular artery and nerce

the superior transverse ligament of scapula covers the notch, artery is above and nerve is below

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4
Q

the _________ degrees of elevation of the upper limb can occur without movement of the scapula

A

first 30

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5
Q

full abduction (180) of the arm is 60 degrees _______- and 120 degrees ______________

A

120 degrees occurs at the glenohumeral joint and 60 degrees from scapular rotation

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6
Q

morphology of the sternoclavicular joint

A

saddle joint but functionally it is a ball and socket

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7
Q

three ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament
cracoclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament

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8
Q

movements of the scapula

A

elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
rotation

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9
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball and socket joint

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10
Q

fibrocartilaginous ring surrounding the glenoid cavity

A

glenoid labrum

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11
Q

where is the shoulder joint capsule weakest?

A

the capsule is weakest inferiorly where it is not reinforced by the coracoacromial arch or the rotator cuff muscles &laquo_space;anterior dislocation&raquo_space;

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12
Q

what provides most of the support and stability to the shoulder joint?

A

rotator cuff muscles

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13
Q

holds the long tendon of the biceps brachii between within the biciptal groove

A

transverse humeral ligament

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14
Q

reinforces superior border of glenohumeral joint preventing superior dislocation

A

coracoacromial ligament

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15
Q

movements at the glenohumeral joint

A

medial/lateral rotation
abduction/adduction
flexion/extension

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16
Q

extrinsic muscles attaching the upper limb to the thorax

A

axio-appendicular muscles

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17
Q

proximal attachment pectoralis major

A

clavicular and sternal head

clavicular: anterior medial shaft of the clavicle
sternal: anterior surface of the sternum

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18
Q

distal attachment pectoralis major

A

lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

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19
Q

innervation pectoralis major

A

lateral and medial pectoral nn.

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20
Q

actions pectoralis major

A

adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the humerus. Can EXTEND the humerus from a flexed/elevated position

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21
Q

proximal attachment pectoralis minor

A

3rd-5th ribs

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22
Q

distal attachment pectoralis minor

A

medial border of the coracoid process (scapula)

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23
Q

N pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral n.

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24
Q

actions of pectoralis minor

A

stabilizes the scapula; elevates ribs (accessory muscle of respiration)

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25
Q

proximal attachment subclavius

A

junction of the first rib and manubrium

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26
Q

distal attachment subclavius

A

inferior center of the clavicle

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27
Q

innervation subclavius

A

nerve to the subclavius

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28
Q

actions subclavius

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

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29
Q

proximal attachment serratus anterior

A

lateral parts or ribs 1-8

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30
Q

distal attachment serratus anterior

A

medial anterior border of the scapula

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31
Q

innervation serratus anterior

A

long thoracic n.

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32
Q

actions serratus anterior

A

protracts, rotates, and stabilizes scapula on thorax (also abduction > 90)

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33
Q

“winged scapula”

A

damage to serratus anterior or long thoracic nerve

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34
Q

proximal attachment trapezius

A

occipital bone, spinous processes of C1-T12

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35
Q

distal attachment trapezius

A

lateral third of clavicle, acromion, superior border of scapular spine

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36
Q

innervation trapezius

A

accessory n. (CN XI)

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37
Q

action trapezius

A

elevates, retracts, rotates, and depresses scapula

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38
Q

proximal attachment levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of C1-4

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39
Q

distal attachment levator scapulae

A

superior angle of scapula

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40
Q

innervation levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular n.

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41
Q

action levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

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42
Q

proximal attachment rhomboideus major

A

spinous processes of T1-4

43
Q

proximal attachment rhomboideus minor

A

spinous processes of C6-7

44
Q

distal attachment rhomboideus major

A

medial border of scapula below scapular spine

45
Q

distal attachment rhomboideus minor

A

medial border of scapula above scapular spine

46
Q

innervation rhomboideus major and minor

A

dorsal scapular n.

47
Q

action rhomboideus major and minor

A

retract and elevate scapula

48
Q

proximal attachment latissimus dorsi

A

spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

49
Q

distal attachment latissimus dorsi

A

floor of the intertubercular groove on humerus

50
Q

innervation latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal n.

51
Q

action latissimus dorsi

A

adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

52
Q

intrinsic muscles connecting the scapula to the humerus

A

scapulohumeral muscles

53
Q

proximal attachment deltoid

A

lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

54
Q

distal attachment deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

55
Q

innervation deltoid

A

axillary n.

56
Q

actions deltoid

A

anterior part flexes and medially rotates arm, middle part abducts the arm, and the posterior part extends and laterally rotates the arm

57
Q

proximal attachment teres major

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

58
Q

distal attachment teres major

A

medial lip of the intertubercular groove of humerus

59
Q

innervation teres major

A

lower subscapular n.

60
Q

actions teres major

A

adduction and medial rotation of arm

61
Q

muscles of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

62
Q

proximal attachment supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

63
Q

distal attachment supraspinatus

A

superior aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus

64
Q

innervation supraspinatus

A

suprascapular n.

65
Q

actions supraspinatus

A

initiates abduction (deltoid takes over), stabilization of glenohumeral joint

66
Q

proximial attachment infraspinatus

A

infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

67
Q

distal attachment infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

68
Q

innervation infraspinatus

A

suprascapular n.

69
Q

actions infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation, stabilization of glenohumeral joint

70
Q

only two lateral rotators of humerus

A

infraspinatus

teres minor

71
Q

proximal attachment teres minor

A

lateral border of scapula

72
Q

distal attachment teres minor

A

greater tubercle of humerus

73
Q

innervation teres minor

A

axillary n.

74
Q

actions teres minor

A

lateral rotation, stabilization of glenohumeral joint

75
Q

proximal attachment subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa

76
Q

distal attachment subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

77
Q

innervation subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular nn.

78
Q

actions subscapularis

A

medial rotation, stabilization of glenohumeral joint

79
Q

what arteries branch off the thyrocervical trunk?

A

dorsal scapula a.
suprascapular a.

(the thyrocervical trunk itself comes off of the subclavian)

80
Q

as the subclavian passes under the clavicle it changes names to ________-

A

the axillary

the axillary artery is divided into three parts relative to pectoralis minor

81
Q

branches of part 1 of axillary a. proximal to pectoralis minor

A

superior thoracic a.

82
Q

branches of part 2 of axillary a. deep to pectoralis minor

A

thoracoacromial trunk

lateral throacic a.

83
Q

branches off of the thoracoacromial trunk

A

acromial
pectoral
clavicular
deltoid

84
Q

branches of part 3 of axillary a. distal to pectoralis minor

A

anterior circumflex humeral a.
posterior circumflex humeral a.
subscapular a.

85
Q

branches off of subscapular a.

A

circumflex scapular a.

thoracodorsal a.

86
Q

scapular anastomoses

A

subclavian - thyrocervical trunk - transverse cervical - dorsal scapular - thoracodorsal - subscapular - axillary

87
Q

humeral anastomosis

A

anterior circumflex humeral - posterior circumflex humeral

88
Q

“venae comitantes”

A

accompanying veins

89
Q

what vein travels in the deltopectoral groove?

A

cephalic v.

drains into the axillary v.

90
Q

what vein passes through basilic hiatus

A

basilic v.

91
Q

what connects the cephalic and basilic veins in cubital foss

A

median cubital v.

92
Q

node located lateral wall of axillary fossa medial and posterior to axillary v.

A

humeral

93
Q

node located posterior wall of axillary fossa along posterior axillary fold and subscapular blood vessels

A

subscapular

94
Q

node located medial wall of axilla, surrounding lateral thoracic vein and inferior border of pectoralis minor

A

pectoral

95
Q

node located deep to pectoralis minor

A

central node

96
Q

node located at apex of axillary fossa along medial side of axillary vein and 1st part of axillary a.

A

apical node

97
Q

basilic v. drainage enters which nodes more often?

A

cubital nodes > humeral axillary nodes

cephalic v. drainage enters apical axillary nodes

98
Q

what are the levels of the axillary nodes? what is the significance?

A

level 1: lateral to pectoralis minor *
level 2: deep to pectoralis minor
level 3: medial to pectoralis minor*

level 3 metastasis has 0% 5 year cancer survival rate (1-65%, 2-31%)

99
Q

what does the triangular space contain?

A

scapular circumflex artery

100
Q

borders of the triangular space

A

lateral: long head of the triceps
superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major

101
Q

what does the quadrangular space contain?

A

axillary n. and post. humeral circumflex a.

102
Q

borders of quadrangular space

A

lateral: humerus
medial: long head of triceps brachii
superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major

103
Q

fracture of the surgical head of the humerus can damage the …

A

contents of the quadrangular space, including axillary n. and post. humeral circumflex a.

—> paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid and teres minor

Anatomy 6 (8 decks)

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