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Anatomy 6 > 56: Anterior Arm and Forearm > Flashcards

56: Anterior Arm and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

more likely to break when fall on forearm

A

ulna

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2
Q

more likely to break when fall on hand

A

radis

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3
Q

ulnar pseudoarthrosis

A

joint within ulna that is congenital or injury related

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4
Q

elbow joint

A

three bones articulating in a single synovial joint capsule

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5
Q

humero-ulnar articulation

A

hinge joint that allows flexion/extension

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6
Q

attach from the coronoid and olecranon to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

A

anterior, posterior and oblique ulnar collateral ligaments

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7
Q

humero-radial articulation

A

ball and socket joint that is functionally a hinge joint

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8
Q

movements of humero-radial articulation

A

flexion/extension

pronation/supination

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9
Q

baseball injury ligament

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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10
Q

“wrist joint”

A

condyloid joint between the RADIUS (not ULNA) and the scaphoid/lunate

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11
Q

what connects the ulna to the pisiform

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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12
Q

“nursemaids elbow”

A

dislocated radial head

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13
Q

innervation to the anterior compartment of the arm

A

musculocutaneous n.

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14
Q

proximal attachmentS of the biceps brachii

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head: tip of coracoid process

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15
Q

distal attachment biceps brachii

A

radial tuberosity

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16
Q

nerve biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous n.

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17
Q

do the biceps have an attachment to the humerus?

A

NO

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18
Q

actions of biceps brachii

A

supinates and flexes forearm
assists in flexion at glenohumeral joint
resists dislocation

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19
Q

proximal attachment brachialis

A

distal half of anterior humerus

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20
Q

distal attachment brachialis

A

coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

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21
Q

innervation brachialis

A

musculocutaneous AND radial n

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22
Q

action brachialis

A

flexes forearm

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23
Q

proximal attachment coracobrachialis

A

tip of coracoid process of scapula

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24
Q

distal attachment coracobrachialis

A

middle third of medial surface of humerus

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25
Q

actions coracobrachialis

A

flexion, adduction, and (*) resists dislocation at glenohumeral joint

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26
Q

nerve coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous n.

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27
Q

proximal attachment of most anterior forearm muscles

A

common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus

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28
Q

proximal attachmentS pronator teres

A

humeral/superficial head: medial epicondyle of humerus

ulnar/deep head: proximal ulna

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29
Q

what passes between the two heads of the pronator teres?

A

median n.

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30
Q

distal attachment pronator teres

A

lateral midshaft of radius

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31
Q

innervation pronator teres

A

median n.

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32
Q

action pronator teres

A

pronation

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33
Q

PA palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

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34
Q

DA palmaris longus

A

palmar aponeurosis

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35
Q

N palmaris longus

A

median n.

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36
Q

A palmaris longus

A

flexion of wrist, tense palmar aponeurosis

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37
Q

PA flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

38
Q

DA flexor carpi radialis

A

palmar base of MC II

39
Q

N flexor carpi radialis

A

median n.

40
Q

A flexor carpi radialis

A

flex and abduct the wrist (radial deviation)

41
Q

PA flexor carpi ulnaris

A

medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process

42
Q

DA flexor carpi ulnaris

A

hook of hamate, pisiform, palmar base of MC V

43
Q

N flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar n.

44
Q

A flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flex and adduct the wrist (ulnar deviation)

45
Q

PA flexor digitorum superficialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus, proximal radius

46
Q

DA flexor digitorum superficialis

A

base of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

47
Q

N flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median n.

48
Q

A flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flex PIP, MCP, and wrist (not DIP)

49
Q

PA flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulnar shaft, interosseus membrane

50
Q

DA flexor digitorum profundus

A

base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

51
Q

A flexor digitorum profundus

A

flex DIP, PIP, MCP, and wrist

52
Q

N flexor digitorum profundus

A 
lateral half (digits 2+3) = anterior interosseous n. (off median)
medial half (digits 4 +5) = ulnar n.
53
Q

PA flexor pollicus longus

A

radial shaft, interosseous membrane

54
Q

DA flexor pollicus longus

A

base of distal phalanx of digit 1 (pollex)

55
Q

N flexor pollicus longus

A

anterior interosseus n.

56
Q

A flexor pollicus longus

A

flex 1st carpometacarpal, MCP, IP, wrist joint

57
Q

PA prontator quadratus

A

medial aspect of distal ulna

58
Q

DA pronator quadratus

A

lateral aspect of distal radius

59
Q

N pronator quadratus

A

anterior interosseus n.

60
Q

A prontator quadratus

A

pronation

61
Q

as the axillary a. passes the inferior border of the _______ it changes its name to the _________

A

teres major

brachial a.

62
Q

branches off of the profunda brachii

A

middle collateral a.

radial collateral a.

63
Q

what a. runs with the radial n.?

A

profunda brachii a.

64
Q

what a. runs with the ulnar n.?

A

superior ulnar collateral a.

65
Q

branches off of the brachial a.

A

profunda brachii
superior ulnar collateral a.
inferior ulnar collateral a.

66
Q

muscle atrophy and shortening of the digital flexors causing the hand to curl into a tight fist following sudden loss of brachial a due to injury to cubital fossa

A

volkman’s ischemic contracture

injury could be a supra-epicondylar fracture

67
Q

terminal branches of the brachial a.

A

splits into the radial and ulnar aa. in the cubital fossa

68
Q

branches off of the ulnar a.

A

anterior ulnar recurrent a.
posterior ulnar recurrent a.
common interosseous a.

69
Q

perforating branches to the posterior compartment of forearm

A

off of the anterior interosseus a. (from common interosseous a.)

70
Q

the recurrent interosseous a. is a branch off of …

A

posterior interosseus a.

71
Q

anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with…

A

posterior circumflex humeral a.

72
Q

radial recurrent a. anastomoses with …

A

radial collateral a. –> deep brachial a..

73
Q

recurrent interosseous a. anastomoses with …

A

middle collateral a. —-> deep brachial a.

74
Q

superior ulnar collateral a. anastomoses with…

A

posterior ulnar recurrent a.

75
Q

inferior ulnar collateral a. anastomoses with…

A

anterior ulnar recurrent a.

76
Q

arises from dorsal venous network on dorsum of hand and runs along lateral upper limb draining into subclavian v.

passes through deltopectoral groove

A

cephalic v.

77
Q

arises from dorsal venous network on dorsum of hand and runs along medial upper limb draining into axillary v.

passes through basilic hiatus

A

basilic v.

78
Q

joins the basilic and cephalic v. in cubital fossa

A

median cubital

79
Q

what is found in the triangular interval?

A

radial n. and deep brachial a.

80
Q

borders of the triangular interval

A

lateral: lateral head of triceps
medial: long head of triceps
superior: teres major

81
Q

borders of the cubital fossa

A

lateral: brachioradialis
medial: pronator teres
superior: line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles

82
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A 
superficial vv.
bracial a.
ulnar a.
radial a.
median n.
radial n.
biceps brachii tendon
bicipital aponeurosis
83
Q

boundaries of snuff box

A

lateral: tendons of abductor pollicis longus AND extensor pollicus brevis
medial: tendon of extensor pollicis longus

84
Q

what does the snuff box contain

A

radial a. (and scaphoid bone)

85
Q

sign of benediction

A

inability to flex lateral three digits
ACTIVE test

due to loss of long flexors of the forearm except those innervated by ulnar n.
loss of muscles of thenar eminence
numbness on lateral palm

*injury to median n. in cubital fossa or more proximal

86
Q

pronator syndrome

A

compression of the median n. between humeral and ulnar heads of the pronator teres m.

pain in proximal forearm, some weakness flexing fingers and wrist, decreased sensation in lateral palm and fingers

87
Q

inability to make OK sign

A

anterior interosseous syndrome

damage to the interosseous n. only usually due to trauma

loss of flexor pollicus longus and lateral half of flexor digitiorum profundus

88
Q

when anterior interosseous syndrome is not accompanied by sensory deficits of deficits of the thenar muscles –>

A

impingement of ant. interosseous n. only

89
Q

where is the ulnar n. most frequently injured?

A

where the n. passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

90
Q

“ulnar claw” (not full claw of klumpke or sign of benediction though similar)

A

MCP 4 and 5 hyperextended with the IP joints flexed due to loss of innervation of the lumbricals to these digits (also ab/adduction of fingers compromised, atrophy of first dorsal interosseous m. and sensation loss to medial hand)

Passive clinical sign

injury to ulnar n. at elbow or more proximal

91
Q

compression of the ulnar n. in the cubital tunnel formed by the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris posterior to the medial epicondyle

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

numbness and paesthesia of medial 1.5 digits and medial palm

92
Q

“claw hand”

A

proximal ulnar n. injury

inability of the pt to make a tigh fist due to loss of the intrinsic muscles of hand and long flexors to digits 4+5

when pt asked to make a tight fist, assumes loose claw-like posture instead

Anatomy 6 (8 decks)

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