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Review for exam Flashcards

1
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Disordered dopaminergic regulation of movement usually caused by antipsychotic drugs. Include:
- involuntary movement
- tremors
- tardive dyskenesia
- stooped posture

Treated with anticholinergics

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2
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A
  • confusion/delirium
  • dry mouth/eyes
  • blurred vision
  • headache
  • anxiety
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3
Q

Examples of anticholinergics

A

Benadryl, TCAS, MAOIS, unisom

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4
Q

Treatment for genital herpes

A

Valcyclovir

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5
Q

Treatment for syphillis

A

Penicillin G

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6
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

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7
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

Doxycycline

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8
Q

Treatment for BV

A

Metronidazole

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9
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

PCN G

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11
Q

Marfan syndome

A

Connective tissue disorder characterized by being tall, thin, with long limbs, curved spine and flexible joints

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12
Q

Vaccinations at 2, 4, 6 months of age

A

RV, Dtap, Hib, PCV, IPV,

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12
Q

Ped vaccine at birth

A

Hep B

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13
Q

Vaccnations at 12 months

A

Hib, PCV, IPV, MMR, varicella, hep a

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13
Q

When is hep b vaccine given?

A

Birth, 1-2 months, 6-18 months

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13
Q

15 month vaccine

A

Dtap

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14
Q

When are flu and covid given?

A

Yearly starting age 6 months

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15
Q

Vaccines age 4-6

A

Dtap, IPV, varicella, MMR

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16
Q

When is Hep A given?

A

12 months and 18 months

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17
Q

SDOH Healthy People

A
  1. economic stability
  2. Education access/quality
  3. Healthcare access/quality
  4. Neighborhood/built environment
  5. Social/community context
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18
Q

CKD stage 1

A

GFR >90

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19
Q

CKD stage 2

A

GFR 60-89

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20
Q

CKD stage 3a

A

GFR 45-59

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21
Q

CKD stage 3b

A

GFR 30-44

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22
Q

CKD stage 4

A

GFR 15-29

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23
Q

CKD stage 5

A

GFR < 15

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24
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Chronic inflammatory disorder where the bone extends over the joint space. Pain may start at the neck and progress down. Often affects sacroilieac joint.

Bamboo spine on xray
Loss of ROM

25
Q

Management of ankylosing spondylitis

A

Managed by rheumatology

26
Q

Antibiotics for MRSA

A
  1. Bactrim
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Doxycycline
27
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A
  • Staph (clusters)
  • Strep (chains)
  • enterococci
28
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A
  • E coli
  • proteus
  • klebsiella
  • h pylori
  • pseudomonas
29
Q

HBsAG

A

Hep B surface antigen. Tells you if you have an active infection.

(INFECTION)

30
Q

Anti-HBc

A

Hep b core antibody. Tells you if you have been exposed to Hep B currently or in the past.

(EXPOSURE)

31
Q

Anti-HBs

A

Hep b surface antibody. Positive if immune (immunization or previous exposure)

(IMMUNITY)

31
Q

Causes of SIADH

A

Tumors, some drugs (SSRIs and antipsychotics)

31
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A

Treat source

  • fluid restriction
  • diuretics
31
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Body produces too much ADH which causes retention of fluid and severe hyponatremia

32
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Inadequate ADH secretion (or inadequate renal response).

33
Q

S/S DI

A

Polyuria, polydypsia. Large volumes of dilute urine with low specific gravity (less than 1.005),

34
Q

Treatment for DI

A

Desmopressin

Used to replace the missing ADH lowering the amount of urine made by the body

35
Q

Chovtek sign

A

Tap on the facial nerve for movement. Sign of hypokalemia.

36
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Carpopedal spasm (inbending of wrist) caused by inflating the blood-pressure cuff to a level above systolic pressure for 3 minutes.

37
Q

PTH hormone

A

Moves CA out of the bone into the serum

38
Q

Calcitonin

A

Moves CA out of the serum and into the bone

39
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excess cortisol commonly from an adrenal tumor.

40
Q

Diagnostics for Cushings syndrome

A

24 hour urine free cortisol
Dexamethasone suppression test
Midnight salivary cortisol

41
Q

Adrenal Insufficiency

A

Adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of cortisol. Can also happen if steriods are discontinued suddenly.

42
Q

S/S of addison’s

A
  • feeling cold, fatigue, weight loss, hypotension, lethargic, cognitive impairment, low urine output
43
Q

Diagnostics for adrenal insufficiency

A

Early AM cortisol level

44
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Catecholamine producing tumor of the adrenal glands. Causes increase in catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine)

Paroxysmal symptoms (tachy, brady, hypo/hypertensive)

45
Q

Diagnostics for pheochromocytoma

A

24hour urine

MIBG gold standard

46
Q

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)

A

Complication of T2D where patient doesn’t keep up with insulin needs over time and results in very high BS >600 and high sodium levels in the urine (hyperosmolality). Causes severe dehydration. usually presents in the elderly

  • no acidosis or ketones present
47
Q

Causes of HHS

A
  • infection
  • inadequate insulin intakeT
48
Q

Treatment for HHS

A

IV insulin (stop when therapeutic) and IV fluids

49
Q

DKA

A

Caused by DM1, usually new onset in previously undiagnosed person.

GLucose >500
Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss
High level of ketones and fruity breath

50
Q

Treatment for DKA

A

IVF
IV insulin drip
Potassium correction (will look high but actually low)

51
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Insulin resistance syndrome which includes 3/5 of the following:

  1. Waist circumference >40 men, >35 in women
  2. HTN >130/80
  3. Triglycerides >150
  4. HDL <40 male, <50 female
  5. hyperglycemia
52
Q

Leads for inferior MI

A

II, III and AVF

53
Q

Leads for septal MI

A

VI, V2

54
Q

Leads for anterior MI

A

V3, V4

55
Q

Leads for lateral MI

A

V5, V6

56
Q

S1 valves

A

MOTIVATED

mitral
AV
tricuspid

57
Q

S2 valves

A

APPLES

aortic
pulmonic
semilunar

58
Q

S3 gallop

A

Indicates HF or CHF

Sounds like “Kentucky”

59
Q

S4 gallop

A

Indicates resistance and stiffness of the left ventricle.

Sounds like “tennessee”

60
Q

AAA triad

A

Abdominal pain
Abdominal distention
Hemodynamic instability

61
Q
A

Board Review (25 decks)

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