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Board Review > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

A 13 year old female who is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia is being treated with ferrous sulfate. Proper treatment typically leads to the resolution of anemia within:

A

3 months

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2
Q

A patient on warfarin (Coumadin) therapy for recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is about to have lumbar spinal fusion surgery. The patient’s warfarin is put on hold starting 5 days prior to the surgery and subcutaneous enoxaparin (Lovenox) has been ordered for DVT prophylaxis until the resumption of the warfarin. The nurse practitioner knows that the patient’s postoperative warfarin dose should be restarted based on the:

A

baseline PT and INR values

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3
Q

Progression to Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) is a risk for untreated or poorly responsive:

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

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4
Q

Hemophilia A

A

An X linked genetic disorder which affects males and is caused by factor VIII deficiency.

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5
Q

Hemoglobin in males

A

13.6-16.9

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6
Q

Hemoglobin in females

A

12-16

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7
Q

Hematocrit

A

Proportion of RBS in 1ml of plasma

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8
Q

Hematocrit for males

A

40-50%

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9
Q

Hematocrit for femles

A

36-44%

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10
Q

Mean corpuscular volume

A

The average size of RBCs

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11
Q

Normal MCV

A

80-100

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12
Q

MCV <80

A

microcytic anemiaMC

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13
Q

MCV 80-100

A

normocytic anemia

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14
Q

MCV>100

A

macrocytic anemia

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15
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

A

Average concentration of hemoglobin per RBC

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16
Q

Normal MCH value

A

32-35%

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17
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A

Average hemoglobin content per RBC

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18
Q

Normal MCHC value

A

25-35pg/cell

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19
Q

Low MCHC means..

A

hypochromic anemia
- IDA
- Thalassemia

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20
Q

High MCHC means….

A

hyperchromic anemia
- Folic acid deficiency
- B12/pernicious anemia

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21
Q

Total iron binding capacity level

A

300-360

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22
Q

Total Iron Binding capacity

A

Available unbound transferrin available to transport iron around the body. Level is increased when there is not enough iron to transport.

23
Q

In IDA what happens to the TIBC?

A

It is increased

24
Q

In thalasemia, B12 deficiency and folic acid deficiency what happens to TIBC?

A

It stays the same

25
Q

Serum ferritin

A

Stored form of iron in the body. Normal level is 40-200

26
Q

Serum iron

A

Iron in the blood. Decreased in IDA, normal to elevated in thalassemia and macrocytic anemias.

60-150.Re

27
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature RBCs

This level increased with active bleeding

28
Q

Folate

A

<2ng is deficiency

29
Q

B12

A

<200 is deficiency

30
Q

Foods high in folate

A
  • asparagus
  • broccoli
  • avocado
  • brussel sprouts
  • leafy greens
  • eggs
  • liver
31
Q

Foods high in B12

A

Beef, dairy, eggs, cereal, salmon

32
Q

WBC normal level

A

4,500-11,000

33
Q

Platelets normal level

A

150-350

34
Q

Blood levels in IDA

A

Low iron
Low ferritin
High TIBC

35
Q

Blood levels in thalassemia

A

normal ferritin
normal TIBC level

36
Q

What kind of anemia is IDA?

A

Microcytic & hypochromic
- iron and ferritin are low
- MCV<80
- MCHC low

37
Q

What kind of anemia is thalassemia?

A

Microcytic & hypochromic
- iron and ferritin are normal
- MCV<80
- MCHC low

38
Q

What kind of anemia is B12 deficiency anemial?

A

Macrocytic / normochromic
- MCV>100
- MCHC 32-35%
- B12 is low

In pernicious anemia there are also antibodies to IF present

39
Q

What kind of anemia is folate deficiency anemia?

A

Macrocytic / normochromic
- folate low
-homocystine low
- MCV>100
- MCHC 32-35%

40
Q

Anemia of chronic disease

A

Normocytic/normochromic
- hx of chronic inflammatory disease
- MCV 80-100
- MCHC 32-35%

41
Q

Treatment for IDA

A

325mg ferrous sulfate TID
- between meals or with OJ

42
Q

Treatment for thalassemia

A

Refer to hematology

43
Q

Treatment for B12 deficiency anemia

A

Parenteral or PO B12

44
Q

Treatment for folic acid deficiency anemia

A

1-5mg PO folate daily

45
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Leukopenia (low WBC), Anemia (low Hgb), thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

46
Q

Aplastic anemia treatment

A

Urgent referral to hematology

47
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

A rare and serious blood disorder that occurs when the bone marrow doesn’t produce enough new blood cells. This can happen when stem cells in the bone marrow are damaged.

48
Q

Hemochromatosis

A
  • genetic disorder with increase in intestinal absorption of iron leading to iron overloadT
49
Q

Treatment for hemachromotoais

A

Phlebotomy

50
Q

Neuropathy is associated with which type of anemia?

A

B12 deficiency anemia

51
Q

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Anemia (G6PD)

A

Oxidative injury destroys red blood cells.

X linked recessive

s/s include: jaundice, fatigue, SOB, tachycardia, dark urine,

May be severe or self limiting

Infants at high risk for neonatal jaundice

52
Q

G6PD dad carrier

A

daughters 100% affected
sons 100% not affected

53
Q

G6PD mom carrire

A

Daughters
50% affected, 50% unaffected

Sons
50% unaffected, 50% G6PD

54
Q
A

Board Review (25 decks)

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