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PHARM II > REVIEW DRUGS 1 > Flashcards

REVIEW DRUGS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What HTN drugs can be given in pregnancy (mentioned in class)?

A

methyldopa

hydralazine

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2
Q

If a pt comes in complaining of a severe dry cough, what drug are they probably on?

A

an ACE inhibitor (bc of increase in bradykinin levels)

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3
Q

If a pt has diabetic nephropathy, which drug would be a good choice to treat their hypertension?

A Omesartan
B Bisoprolol
C Amlodipine
D Moexipril

A

D. Moexipril

ACE inhibitors great for diabetic nephropathy as well

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4
Q

Which drug does NOT have a side effect listed as hyperkalemia?

A Captopril
B Telmisartan
C Bumetanide
D Aliskiren

A

C Bumetanide

Loop Diuretic– side effect would be a depletion of K

ACE inhibitors, ARB’s, Renin Inhibitors all indicate hyperkalemia as a side effect

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5
Q

If a pt has asthma, which drug should they for sure NOT take?

A Carvedilol
B Metoprolol
C Amlodipine
D Torsemide

A

A Carvedilol

A & B are both Beta Blockers… but A is a NON-selective beta blocker indicating probable bronoconstriction… so not good for pt’s with asthma

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6
Q

If a patient has acute angle closure glaucoma, what drug would be used to treat them? What dose?

A

Acetazolamid (CAI)- 2x250mg tablets

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7
Q

If a pt has heart failure, what class of drugs should NOT be used?

A

Ca2+ channel blockers!!

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8
Q

If a pt has cirrhosis of the liver, which drug would be contraindicated?

A Eplerenone
B Acetazolamid
C Methazolamid
D Perindopril
E all the above
F B and C
A

F- the CAI’s

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9
Q

Which drugs cause vasodilation due to the release of NO?

A

Nebivolol (Beta 1 selective inhibitor)
Hydralazine (Direct Vasodilator)
Nitroprusside (Parenteral agent)

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10
Q

Which drug can cause cyanide poisoning if given orally?

A

Nitroprusside

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11
Q

What two drugs can be given in a hypertensive emergency? BUT what if the pt has glaucoma?

A

Nitroprusside
Fenoldopam- DO NOT GIVE IF PT HAS GLAUCOMA
(parenteral agents)

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12
Q

Which class of drugs causes reflex tachycardia but no long term effects?

A

(-azosin) Alpha blocker…possibly need to gradually give drug

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13
Q

If a pt has tried several HTN drugs and none seem to be working, which drug should be proscribed?

A Hydralazine
B Verapamil
C Clonidine
D Terazosin

A

C. Clonidine

TRY Central Acting Alpha 2 Agonist

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14
Q

which drug can also help with a man wanting to grow some hair where he is balding…? LOL

A

Minoxidil

Called: Hypertrichosis

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15
Q

NSAIDS reduce the effectiveness of which drugs (due to P450 drug interactions):

A

Aliskiren (Reinin inhibitor)
Spironolactone (“K” sparring & aldosterone antag.)
Eplerenone (“K” sparring & aldosterone antag.)

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16
Q 
If a patient has renal disease, which drug should be avoided?
A Amiloride 
B Amlodipine 
C Bumetanide
D Propanolol
A

A Amiloride (“K” sparring drugs! Think SEAT)

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17
Q

What class of drugs should ppl be tapered off of?

A

Beta Blockers

18
Q

If pt is being treated for hypertension and has had a previous heart attack or has agina pectoris or cluster headaches or another concomitant disease which class of drugs should be used?

A

Beta Blockers (-lol)

19
Q

What 5 things should be AVOIDED in HEART FAILURE?

A 
NSAIDS
ALCOHOL
Ca2+ channel blockers
high dose beta blockers
some antiarrhythmic drugs
20
Q

If a pt is experiencing unexplained transient blurred vision and halos/altered color perception- what drug toxicity could be causing this?

A

Digoxin!!

21
Q

Which drugs should digoxin NOT be taken with?

A 
amiodarone
erythromycin
quinidine
tetracycline
verapimil

ALSO drugs that decrease K in the blood…so think diuretics:
Loop
Thiazide
corticosteroids

22
Q

Which of the following drugs can be used for HF at home?

A Digoxin
B Dobutamine
C Dopamine
D Milrinone

A

A- Digoxin

ALL other three are for HF with IV inpatient setting

23
Q

Name two first-line, single agent drugs that can be used to treat Heart Failure?

A

ANY ACE inhibitor: Fosinopril, Enalapril, etc…

24
Q

Which vasodilator do you NOT use with heart failure?

A

Ca2+ channel blocker!!!

25
Q

What is isisorbide dinitrate?

A

Vasodilator

26
Q

Beta blockers are used to treat only acute heart failure. True or False?

A

FALSE- only to treat CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

27
Q

What is the go to drug for post heart attack- decrease incidence of sudden arrhythmic death?

A

Propanolol

28
Q

What is the most widely used beta blocker for tx of cardiac arrhythmias?

A

metoprolol (also decrease risk of bronchospasm because beta one selective drug)

29
Q

What is a short acting drug given by IV post-surgery or in emergency to tx arrythmia?

A

Esmolol

30
Q

Drug of choice for atrial fibrillation?

A

Amiodarone (class III- potassium channel blocker)

31
Q

What is the main ocular side-effect of Amiodarone?

A

Whorl Keratopathy

32
Q

Which class III drugs pose the highest risk of proarrhythmia?

  1. Amiodarone
  2. Dofetilide
  3. Dronedarone
  4. Ibutilide
  5. Sotalol
A
  1. Dofetilide
  2. Ibutilide

Must CLOSELY MONITOR

-tilide

33
Q

If a pt complains of yellowing of vision and flashes, what drug is most likely causing this ocular issue?

A

Digoxin Ocular Toxicity (95% of cases)

34
Q

Which anti-arrhythmic drug should not be taken with caffeine?

A

Adenosine

35
Q

What three types of drugs are good for tx of angina?

A

nitrates (organic)
Ca2+ channel blockers
Beta Blockers

36
Q

How should nitroglycerin be given?

A

significant FIRST-pass metabolism so….sublingual or as a patch (also…need a break in between so that tolerance does not occur)

37
Q

What is the MOA of organic nitrates?

A

Enzyme activation of drug that causes a NO release

38
Q

If angina is brought on by exercise and/or induces emotional stress….what should you take?

A

nitroglycerin

39
Q

Don’t use organic nitrates with what class of drugs?

A

Type 5 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (aka the erectile dysfunction drugs…end in -afil)

40
Q

Uh Oh…your pt comes in and tx of angina has failed when using Ca2+ channel blockers and nitroglycerin, what drug should you try for this CHRONIC angina?

A

Ranolazine (Na channel blocker)

41
Q

What is the drug of choice for effort induced angina?

A

Beta Blockers (-lol)

42
Q

What vasodilator can cause impaired color vision/blurry vision?

A

type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors (sildenafil (less likely), tadalafil, verdenafil)

PHARM II (8 decks)

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