Review Deck Flashcards
What are the 2 primary causes of pneumonia in adults? Their shapes?
S. pneumoniae = gram positive diplococci
N. meningitidis = gam negative diplococci
What micro shape/main property for TB?
acid fast bacilli
When you see meningitis with petechial rash in college student what should you think?
neisseria meningitidis
What is empiric choice for pneumonia when no organism visible on gram stain?
- ceftriaxone + vancomycin
cef against meningococcus, haemophilus, pneumococcus
vanc incase beta-lactam resistant pneumococcus - sometimes add ampicillin too for listeria [in elderly/pregnant/immunocompromised/etc]
Who gets listeria?
infants, elderly, immunocompromised, pregnant
What is main therapy for N. gonorrhoeae?
cephalosporins [because lots of resistance to fluoroquinolones]
short form: what disease associated with C. difficile?
antibiotic associated diarrhea
short form: what disease associated with C. perfringens
gas gangrene [fatal]
short form: what disease associated with C. tetani
spastic paralysis
short form: what disease associated with C. botulinum
flaccid paralysis
short form: what are micro differences between actinomyces and nocardia?
actinomyces: anaerobic, gram +, yellow sulfur granules
nocardia: aerobic, gram +, modififed acid fast stain
What is SNAP mnemonic?
sulfas –> nocardia
actinomyces –> penicillin
What are main things to treat anaerobes?
- penicillin
- penicillin/beta lactamase inhibitor combo
- 2nd gen cephalosorin
- carbapenem
metronidazole
clindamycin
oral vancomycin
name the organism:
- major cause nosocomial infections
- capsule = imp virulence factor
- alcoholics at greater risk for pneumonia
- mucoid colony
klebsiella pneumoniae
name the organism:
- frequent cause urinary tract infection
- cause many types of GI including turista
- certains strains associated with HUS
E Coli
name the organism:
- associated with day care outbreak blood diarrhea
- low burden of organism to produce disease
- invade M cells in peyers patches
shigella
name the organism:
- massive volume rice water stool
- associated with outbreak in refuge camp
- toxin with 2 subunits that causes massive secretion of fluid and elecrolytes into lumen of small bowel
vibrio cholerae
name the organism:
- diagnoses usually by detection of toxin in stool
- potentially fatal toxic metacolon
- nosocomial diarrhea
- pseudomembranous colitis
C difficile
name the organism:
- pili with adhesive and antiphagocytic functions
- 13 serogroups, vaccine contains A, C, Y W135
- potentially fatal
- treat with penicillin, cephalosporins
neisseria meningitidis
name the organism:
- gram positive rod
- penetrating injuries contaminated by soil
- exotoxin binds inhibitory neurons in spinal cord
- characteristic risus sardonicus
clostridium tetani
name the organism:
- LOS similar to LPS of other gram neg
- chronic infection associated with pelvic inflammatory disease
- opthalmic infection in infants
neisseria gonorrhoeae
name this oganism:
- needs V factors [NAD} and X factor [heme] from S. aureus to grow on blood culture
- incidence of invasive disease greatly declined since use of vaccine
haemophilus influenzae
name this organism:
- small gram neg coccobacillus
- agent of whooping cough
- produces classic AB toxin
- part of TDaP vaccine
bordetella pertussis
What in TDaP vaccine?
- diptheria
- tetanus
- acellular pertussis