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Microbiology Part 1 > Lec17 Vector Borne and Zoonotic Infections > Flashcards

Lec17 Vector Borne and Zoonotic Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What disease does rickettsia spp cause?

A
  • spotted fevers and various types of typhus
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2
Q

What disease does ehrlichia chaffeenis cause?

A

human monocytic ehrlichiosis [HME]

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3
Q

What disease does anaplama phagocytophilum cause?

A

anaplasmosis aka human granulocytic ehrlichiosis

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4
Q

What bacteria causes lyme disease?

A

borrelia burgdorferi

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5
Q

What bacteria causes cat scratch disease?

A

bartonella spp

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6
Q 
Francisella tularensis-Tularemia
Leptsopira spp- Leptsopirosis
Yersinia pestis-Plague
Coxiella burnetii- Q Fever
Brucella spp- Brucellosis
A

xx

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7
Q

What is the vector for b. burgdorferi?

A

tick [ixodes scapularis]

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8
Q

What is the life cycle for b. burgdorferi?

A
  • vector is ixodes ticks
  • main reservoir in white footed mice
  • deer are important for adult stage
  • nymphs are responsible for most of the disease
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9
Q

What are early signs of lyme disease?

A

at first its localized [3-30 days] at site of bite

  • have bulls eye rash = erythema migrans
  • mild systemic symptoms
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10
Q

What are signs of early disseminated lyme disease?

A

1-4 months after bite

  • cranial nerve [bell’s] palsy
  • lymphocytic meningitis
  • heart block, myocarditis
  • disseminated rash
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11
Q

What are signs of late lyme disease

A
  • intermittent arthritis

- chronic neuro problems [radicular pain, paresthesias, lyme encephalopathy]

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12
Q

How do you diagnose lyme disease?

A
  • look at clinical picture
  • IgG and IgM antibody tests
  • – get false neg in early disease and early treatment
  • – get falst pos from spirochetes, viral infection, prior infection
  • PCR [for arthritis]
  • culture and stains not used
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13
Q

How do you treat lyme disease?

A
  • oral doxycyclin for most
  • amoxicillin for kids
  • ceftriaxone IV with meningitis or heart block
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14
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted?

A
  • endemic to raccoons
  • raccoon transmits via urine to soil/mud/water where dogs lick it up and then transmit on via saliva or urine to humans
  • can get it by coming into contact with something contaminated [touching] or ingesting
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15
Q

How do you treat leptospirosis?

A

penicillin

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16
Q

How do you diagnose leptospirosis?

A

serum antibodes

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17
Q

What are micro properties of r. rickettsii?

A
  • thin peptidoglycan layer so stains poorly with gram stain

- obligate intracellular organism

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18
Q

What is natural reservoir of r. rickettsii? vector?

A

hard ticks = both

- american dog tick, wood tick, brown dog tick

19
Q

What is danger of r. rickettsii untreated?

A

23% case fatality rate

20
Q

What are signs of rocky mountain spotted fever?

A
  • 2-14 day incubation
  • fever, headache, rash, myalgias
  • have peripheral distribution of rash
  • get multi-organ involvement: resp distress, cardio instability, renal failure, encephalitis, GI involvemtn
21
Q

What do you use to stain for r. rickettsii?

A
  • hyperimmune rabbit anti-R rickettssii antibody
22
Q

What is pathogenesis of r. rickettsii?

A
  • targets endothelial cell
  • induces its own phagocytosis by triggering actin rearrangement
  • releases phospholipase to excape phagosome and enter cytoplasm
  • uses host cell actin to propel itself nd spread to adjacent cell
  • rash caused by foci of multiple adjacent infection endothelial clels
23
Q

What are effects of the damaged endothelium that r. rickettsii causes?

A
  • get increased vascular permeability, edema, hypvolemia, hypotension, increased ADH so hyponatrema
  • have procoagulant state and platelt consumption
24
Q

What is immune response against r. rickettsii?

A
  • CD8 T cells needed to clear established infection

- have protective humoral response against OmpA/B

25
Q

What are micro properties of ehrlichia/anaplasma?

A
  • tiny gram negative bacteria

- stain poorly

26
Q

What is pathogenesis of ehrlichia and anaplasma? how do they differ?

A
  • intracellular infections
  • stay inside phagosome and inhiit lysosome/phagosome binding
    ehrlichia chaffeenis infects monocytes
    anaplasma phagocytophillum infects granulocytes
27
Q

What is vector of ehrlichia chafeenis?

A
  • lone star tick [amlyomma americanum]
28
Q

What is vector of anaplasma phagocytophillum?

A

ixodes scapularis

29
Q

What are clinical signs of rickettsia, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and how do you tell the difference between them in terms of appearance and labs?

A

all: seasonal, incubation 5-10 days, fever, headache, myalgia [muscle pain], malaise
rickettsia: most start rash days 2-4 of illness, have macules/papules then petechiae, have low platelet, high LFT, low Na
ehrlichiosis: 30% adults, 60% children get maculo-papular rash, low WBC, low platelets, high LFT
anaplasmosis: rare to have rash, low WBC, low platelets, high LFT

30
Q

What do you PCR to diagnose rickettsia vs ehrlichiosis vs anaplasmosis?

A

rickettsia - PCR tissue

ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis - PCR blood

31
Q

Which of rickettsia, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis show a low sensitivity morula on blood smear to diagnose?

A

ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis

32
Q

Which of rickettsia, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis would you use skin biopsy immuno-histochemistry to diagnose?

A

only rickettsia

33
Q

How do you treat rickettsia, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis?

A
  • immediately go on doxycycline

- do not wait for lab conformation

34
Q

What is cat scratch fever? what is host? vector? signs?

A
  • transmitted bartonella henselae by cat scratch
  • host is cat, vector is cat-flea
  • fever/lymphadenopathy close to exposure site
  • other organs involved less commonly
  • in immunocompromised can lead to bacillary angiomatosis
35
Q

What are micro properties of bartnoella henselae?

A
  • associated with kittens
  • gram negative bacilli
  • difficult to visualize and grow [use warthin starry silver stain]
36
Q

How do you diagnose bartonella henselae?

A
  • serology

- biopsy: granulomas and organism using special stain

37
Q

What is reservoir of coxiella burnetil? how is it transmitted?

A
  • reservoir: cattle, sheep, goats
  • survives in environment and infected via inhalation
  • infects macrophages
38
Q

How is coxiella burnetil [Q fever] diagnosed?

A
  • serology

- culture not done because it is a biohazard

39
Q

What is brucellosis?

A
  • reservoir in cattle, goats, sheep, swine, dogs
  • symptoms of sweating, joint pain
  • transmitted from ingestine or close contact [inhaled, in conjunctivae, etc]
  • affect bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver
40
Q

What is the disease agent associated with lyme disease? geo distribution? reservoir? vector? symptoms of disease?

A

agent: B. burgdorferi
distribution: northeast, midwest
reservoir: white footed mouse, deer
vector: ixodes scapularis
disease:
- early: erythema multiforme
- early disseminated: skin, heart, CNS
- late: joint, CNS

41
Q

What is the disease agent associated with RMSF? geo distribution? reservoir? vector? symptoms of disease?

A

agent: R.rickettsii
distribution: southeast
reservoir: hard ticks [dermacentor]
vector: hard ticks
disease: fever, headache, rash, life-threatening

42
Q

What is the disease agent associated with ehrlichiosis? geo distribution? reservoir? vector? symptoms of disease?

A

agent: E. chaffeensis
distribution: southeast
reservoir: deer, dogs
vector: amblyoma americanum
disease: fever, headache, low WBC, high LFT [liver function test], may have rash

43
Q

What is the disease agent associated with anaplasmosis? geo distribution? reservoir? vector? symptoms of disease?

A

agent: A. phagocytophillum
distribution: northeast, midwest
reservoir: white footed mouse and other mammals
vector: ixodes scapularis
disease: fever, headache, low WBC, high LFT

Microbiology Part 1 (24 decks)

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