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Microbiology Part 1 > Lec23 ID of the Skin > Flashcards

Lec23 ID of the Skin Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is folliculitis?

A
  • inflammation of hair collicle

- get itching

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2
Q

What are the causes of folliculitis?

A
  • gram positives: staph, strep
  • gram negatives: pseudomonas “hot tub” folliculitis
  • fungal: pityrosporum
  • mechanical occlusion [collect debris viewed as foreign, get inflammation
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3
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial or mechanical folliculitis?

A
  • topical mupicorin
  • oral antibiotics [cephalexin, doxycyclin]
  • shower after exercise
  • keep skin dry
  • wear loose clothing
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4
Q

What is treatment of fungal folliculitis?

A
  • topical antifungals [ketoconazole]
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5
Q

What is an abscess?

A
  • walled off space with pus, usually infected and painful
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6
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

furuncle = boil

- walled off fluctuant mass encolsoing pus that evolved from superficial folliculitis

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7
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

group of coalesced furuncles

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8
Q

What causes skin absesses?

A

usually staph aureus

- also can be anaerobe, gram neg, or fungus

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9
Q

What is treatment for furuncle/carbuncle?

A
  • incise and drain and culture pus
  • warm soak
  • antibiotics
  • intralesional steroid injection
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10
Q

What are normal antibiotics for treating furuncle/carbuncle?

A

cephalexin orally AND mupirocin topically

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11
Q

What is skin sign of MRSA?

A
  • furunculosis

- can evolve in large ebsesses, cellulitis, or necrotic plaque

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12
Q

What is treatment for MRSA skin infection?

A

binor: bactrim, doxycycline, clindamycin
severe: vancomycin

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13
Q

What is impetigo?

A
  • superficial skin infection
  • can be bullous or non-bullous
  • starts around bug bite, pimple, eczema etc
  • honey colored crust, weeping, oozing
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14
Q

What are causes of impetigo?

A
  • staphylococcus aureus

- streptococci [often colonize nose]

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15
Q

What is treatment for impetigo?

A
  • mupirocin

- may also need oral antibiotic for severe disease

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16
Q

What is important sequelae of impetigo?

A

post strep glomerulonephritis[ BUT NOT ARF]

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17
Q

What is cellulitis?

A
  • infection of dermis and subcutis [fat], due to break in skin, usually bacterial
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18
Q

What causes cellulitis commonly?

A

most commonly: staph aureus, group A strep

- can be any organism

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19
Q

What are the 4 signs of cellulitis?

A
  • rubor [erythema]
  • dolor [pain]
  • calor [heat]
  • tumor [swelling/edema]
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20
Q

How do you diagnose cellulitis?

A

primarily just clinically

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21
Q

What is treatment for cellulitis?

A

antibiotics

if in lower extremity –> elevate leg to minimize edema and increase drug distribution to target

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22
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

superficial bright red cellulitis with lymphatic involvement

- more sharply demarcated than regular celluliits

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23
Q

What is common cause of erysipelas?

A

group A streptococci

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24
Q

How is erysipelas diagnosed?

A

usually based on clinic

25
Q

what is treatment for erysipelas?

A

oral antibiotics [penicillin]

26
Q

What is cause of scarlet fever?

A

streptococcus pyogenes [group A strep]

- usually due to pyrogenic exotoxin after pharyngeal infection

27
Q

What are signs of strep pyogenes?

A

after 2-4 days get:

  • acute pharyngitis
  • diffuse eryhtmeatous rash that spares face, palms, sole
  • pastia’s line: petechial lines in skin folds
  • strawberry tongue
  • skin rash fades with desquamatoion
  • fever, malaise, headahce,
28
Q

How is scarlet fever diagnosed?

A

positive throat culutre for s. pyogenes + clinical symptoms

29
Q

what is treatment for scarlet fever?

A

normally:: penicillin or amoxicillin

can also use: cephalosporins, macrolide

30
Q

What are signs of necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • rapidly progressive necrosis of subcutaneous fat/fascia/muslce
  • begins with area of tenderness, erythema, warmth, swellin
  • quicky progression
  • skin changes from red & purple to gray-blue
    water, bad smelling fluid
  • life threatening need emergency surgery
31
Q

What are causes of necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • streptococci

- polymicrobial

32
Q

How do you diagnose necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • MRI to look for gas and soft tisuse involvement
33
Q

What is treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • early and aggressive debridement

- IV broad spectrum antibiotics

34
Q

What is cause of menigococcemia?

A

neisseria meningitidis = gram negative diplococci

= derm emergency must notify state dept of health

35
Q

What are signs of meningococcemia?

A
  • meningitis
  • septic shock
  • slate-gray purpura/ecchymosis signaling DIC
36
Q

What is therapy for meningococcemia?

A
  • droplet isolation

- penicillin G

37
Q

What do you use for prophylaxis of contacts to meningococcemia?

A

rifampin, cirpofloxacin

38
Q

What is cause of lyme disease?

A

borrelia burgdorferi from bites of ixodes [deer tick]

39
Q

What are 3 stages of lyme disease?

A
  1. erythema chronicum migrans = circle shaped rash
  2. carditis [AV block] and bell’s palsy
  3. arthritis
40
Q

What is treatment for lyme disease?

A

doxycycline or amoxicillin

41
Q

What is prophylaxtic treatment for lyme diease?

A
  • insect repellent

- doxycline at time of tick bite

42
Q

What are skin signs of primary, secondary, and latent syphilis?

A

primary: chancre –> painless
secondary: palsm/soles like erythema multiforme, papulosquamous like pityriasis roasea, mucous patch in mucosal surface, condyloma latum

43
Q

What are skin signs in latent syphilis?

A

no rash

44
Q

what are skin signs in tertiary syphillus?

A
  • gumma [rubbery ulcerated nodule]
45
Q

clinical: insect bite then redness and swelling around bite, spread up leg = red and swollen

what should you think?

A

cellulitis –> likely due to staph aureus, group A strep

46
Q

clinical: 18 yo, fever, sore throat, malaise, generalized erythematous rash, strawberry tongue, sister recently treated with penicillin for sore throat

what should you think?

A

scarlet fever –> strep A [pyogenes]

47
Q

diabetic with necrotic area on anterior thigh, foul smelling?

what should you think?

A

necrotizing fasciitis

due to strep or polymicrobial

48
Q

18 yo with low grade fever, runny nose, headache, stiff neck, petechial rash

what should you think?

A

meningococcemia due to neisseria meningitidis

49
Q

30 yo with sore throat, neck stiff, erythematous circular rash on back, EKG incomplete right bundle branch block, just got back from hamptons

what should you think?

A

lyme disease due to borrelia burgorferia via bite of ixodes deer tick

50
Q

clinical: 1 wk history of painless penile lesion, condom use intermittent, no fever, chills, dysuria, nontender adenopathy

what should you think?

A

syphilis due to terponema pallidum

51
Q

What are signs of early and late congenital syphilis?

A

early: first two yrs have rhinitis
late: untreated get cutaneous, dnetal, skelatal, deafness

52
Q

How do you diagnose syphilis?

A
  • dark field microscopy
  • RPR [for acute infection]
  • FTA-Abs [pos for live]
53
Q

What is treatment for syphilis?

A
  • penicillin
  • HIV test
  • alert sexual contacts and state dept
54
Q

What is salmonellosis?

A
  • infection by G-aerobic bacilli in genus salmonella
55
Q

What is typhoid fever? how is it spread?

A

enteric fever due to S. typhi

- via direct contact with persons with typhoid fever

56
Q

what is paratyphoid fever? how is it spread?

A

enteric fever by non-typhoidal strains [s. paratyphi]

- from inadequately cooked poultry or eggs

57
Q

What are signs of salmonellossi?

A

rose spots = red blanching macules and papules on chest and abdomen in groups
fever
GI symptoms

58
Q

How do you treat salmonellosis?

A
  • ceftriaxone

- quinolones

Microbiology Part 1 (24 decks)

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