Review Day 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the main factor that effects the action of drugs?
A
Weight
2
Q
What are the two types of absorption?
A
Active
Passive
3
Q
What is the primary organ that metabolises drugs?
A
Liver
4
Q
What is a build-up of drugs in the blood?
A
Cummulative
5
Q
Two types of receptors?
A
- Activation - agonist
* Prevent - antagonist
6
Q
What is pharmacokinetic?
A
- “Lips to Tips”
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
7
Q
What is pharmacodynamic?
A
Primary and Secondary Effects
* Actions and effects within the body
8
Q
What are your two types of dependence?
A
- Psychological
* Physical
9
Q
What do sedatives and narcotics do to your CNS?
A
Depress it
10
Q
What drugs do you use for antianxiety?
A
Benzos and Non-benzos
11
Q
What physical dependence do benzos cause?
A
Withdrawals within 4-6 weeks
12
Q
What are your antidepressants?
A
TCA, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI, SNRI/Antagonist
13
Q
What is the most common benzo used for antianxiety?
A
Diazepam
14
Q
What are your common non-benzos?
A
- Buspirone
- hydroxyzine
- SSRI
15
Q
What do SSRI’s do?
A
- Increase serotonin levels
* They are your primary go to
16
Q
What are the side effects of SSRI’s?
A
- N/V
- Weight gain
- Sexual Dysfunction
17
Q
What are the issues with MAOI’s?
A
Interact with everything
- Food is an issue
- SSRI combined causes death
18
Q
What’s a common TCA?
A
amitriptyline
19
Q
What’s a common SNRI?
A
Venlafaxine
20
Q
What’s a common SNRI/Antagonist?
A
Trazodone
21
Q
What is a contraindication for welbutrin?
A
Seizures
22
Q
What’s a common Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor?
A
Bupropion
23
Q
What are your SSRI’s?
A
- Citalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Sertraline
- Paroxetine
24
Q
What do antipsychotics do?
A
- Block dopamine in the brain
- Anticholinergic effect
- Alpha-adrenergic blockade
25
What is the goal of psychotherapeutics?
Depress CNS
| Sedate
26
What is your go to drug for depression
SSRI
27
What is your most common antianxiety med?
Hydroxyzine
28
Glaucoma is a symptom when what is affected?
Changes in blood pressure
29
What types of drugs do you use for status epilepticus and acts as an anticonvulsant?
Benzos
| *All the Pams and Lams
30
What is the goal of antidepressants?
Increase serotonin levels
31
How long does it take for SSRI's to take affect?
4-6 weeks
32
What is an antiemetic?
Drug that treats nausea or vomiting
33
How does ondansetron reduce nausea?
Reduces serotonin
34
What is your 1st gen drug for antipsychotics?
Phenothyzines
| * Haloperidol
35
What is your short term drug for anticonvulsants?
Diazepam
36
What is your long term drug for anticonvulsants?
Phenytoin
37
What's your heavy hitter drug from antiemetics?
Promethazine
38
What's your med for antiemetics at sea?
Meclizine
39
What's your med for antiemetics regarding central vertigo?
Benzos
| * Diazepam
40
How do local anesthetics work?
Block Ion Channels
| * Prevent exchange of Na and K
41
What is the salicylate drug?
Aspirin
42
Issues with aspirin and NSAIDS
* Gastric upset
| * GI bleeding
43
What is aspirin used for?
Profound effect on platelets
* Decrease risk of MI
* Prevent and treat clots
* inflammation
44
How does Aspirin work?
Dilates blood vessels
45
What are non-salicylates used for?
Antipyretic (Fever) and analgesic
46
What is a non-salicylate?
Acetaminophen
47
What do CNS stimulants do to your appetite?
Suppress appetite
48
What are adverse effects of CNS stimulats?
Fight or flight
| * Increased CV output
49
What are your two types of CNS stimulants?
Amphetamines and Anorexiants
50
What are examples of amphetamines?
* anything with meth' or 'amine
51
What are examples of anorexiants?
Phentermine
52
What do anticonvulsants do?
Slow down neurons of the brain (Depress CNS)
53
What type of seizure is an emergency situation
Status Epilepticus
54
What are the side effects of anticonvulsants?
Depress CNS = Parasympathetic Responses
55
Are anticonvulsants recommended for pregnancy?
Nope
56
What is the time for a seizure to classify it as generalized status eplileptics?
Greater or equal to 5 minutes
57
What is a phenothiazine used as an antiemetic?
Promethazine
58
What are your other antiemetics?
* Metoclopramide
* Ondansetron
* Meclizine
* Diphenhydramine
* Benzos
59
What do anesthetics do?
Removes the feeling or sensation
60
What does Ketamine do?
Increases HR, BP, and Cardiac Output
| * Used as an anesthetic to cause disassociation
61
What are examples of anesthetic drugs?
* Lidocaine
| * Ketamine
62
What is a big concern of non-salycilates?
Hepatotoxicity
63
What do NSAIDS do?
Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2
* Anti inflammatory
* Analgesic
* Antipyretic
64
What are NSAIDS used for besides the obvious
Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruations)
65
What are the COX-2 Inhibitor NSAIDS used?
* Meloxicam
| * Celecoxib
66
Why would COX-2 inhibitors be used?
For long term use due to reduced risk of GI bleeding
67
When should you not give COX-1 inhibitors such as Ibuprofen?
* Peptic ulcers
| * GI Bleeds
68
What are examples of NSAIDS?
* ibuprofen
* Indomethacin
* Ketorolac
* Naproxen
* Celecoxib
* Meloxicam
69
What is your first line NSAID treatment for Gout
Indomethacin
70
What is your NSAID for acute pain?
ketorolac
71
So what NSAID do you give for chronic pain?
COX-2 Inhibitor
| * Meloxicam
72
What is a urinary anesthetic/analgesic?
Phenazopyridine
73
What is phenazopyridine used for?
Treats pain with UTI's
74
What is a contraindication for phenazopyridine?
Renal issues
75
What do narcotic analgesics do?
Bind to opioid receptors
76
What is a major side effect of narcotics?
* Respiratory Depression
77
What are some contraindicatons to narcotics?
* Head injury or increased ICP
| * Hypoxia
78
What are examples of narcotics?
* Codeine
* Fentanyl
* Morphine
79
What is a narcotic antagonist?
More competitive that the narcotic which then binds to the opioid receptors and blocs the effects of the narcotic
80
What are narcotic antagonists used for?
Narcotic overdose
81
What are the side effects of Gen 1 antihistamines?
Drowsiness
82
What do H1 antihistamines do?
* Reduce swelling and vasodilation
83
What are H1 antihistamines used for?
* basic allergic reactions (itchy, runny nose)
| * motion sickness
84
What are H2 antihistamines used for?
Peptic Ulcers
Acid refux
* H2's bind with H2 receptors in the upper GI tract
85
What are the side effects of antihistamines?
Anticholinergic
* hypotension
* ha
* Drying effect
86
What are the 1st generation antihistamines?
* Diphenhydramine
* Hydroxyzine
* Promethazine
87
What are the 2nd generation antihistamines?
* Cetirizine
* Fexofenadine
* Loratadine
88
What do decongestants do?
Stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptors
89
What effect does stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors have on the body specific to decongestants?
Vasoconstriction of the vessels in the nose, throat, and paranasal sinuses
90
What are examples of decongestants?
* Oxymetazoline
* Pseudoephedrine
* Phenylephrine
91
What are the classes of drugs used for bronchodilation?
* Beta 2 agonist
* Muscarinic Antagonist
* Inhale Corticosteroids
92
Where are Beta 2 receptors located?
In bronchial smooth muscle
93
So when you add a beta 2 agonist, what does it do to the beta 2 receptors located in the bronchial smooth muscle?
Relaxation (dilation) of the bronchioles
94
What are the side effects of beta 2 agonists?
Your typical fight or flight symptoms
95
What is a contraindication for beta 2 agonists?
cardiac arrythmias
96
What are examples of Beta 2 agonists?
Albuterol sulfate
97
What do muscarinic antagonists do?
Antagonize acetylcholine which produces bronchodilation
98
What are muscarinic antagonists a type of?
Bronchodilator
and
Anticholinergic
99
What are the side effects of anticholinergics?
* Red as a beet
* Blind as a bat
* Stuffed as a pipe (urinary retention)
* Mad as a hatter
* Hot as a hare (and increased hr)
* Dry as a bone
100
What are contraindications for muscarinic antagonisits?
* peptic ulcers
| * arrhythmias
101
What are examples of muscarinic antagonists?
Xanthine
102
What do inhale corticosteroids do?
decrease inflammation in the lungs
103
What are inhale corticosteroids used for?
chronic management of airway disease (asthma)
104
What are side effects of inhale corticosteroids?
Yeast infections in the mouth
105
What are contraindications for inhale corticosteroids?
Acute bronchospasm - just not fast enough to be effective
106
Examples of inhale corticosteroids?
Fluticasone
107
What is an antitussive?
Cough suppressant and anesthetic for stretch receptors
108
What type of cough are antitussives used for?
Non-productive
OR
Productive (just for sleep purposes)
109
What are the side effects of codeine?
Respiratory depression
110
What are examples of antitussives?
* Codeine
* Benzonatate
* Dextromethorphan
* Diphenhydramine
111
What is an example of expectorant?
Guaifenesin
112
What is an arrythmia?
Abnormal electric current in the heart
113
What are the actions of anti-arrhythmic drugs?
* Blocks Na or K channels
* Blocks B receptors (Beta Blockers)
* Blocks calcium channels (Calcium Channel Blockers)
114
What does lidocaine do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?
Depress myocardial excitability
115
What do beta blockers do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?
| CLASS 2 Drug - Has 2 "B"s
Block stimulation of beta receptors in the heart
* Heart squeezes less
* Lower heart rate
116
What are beta blockers used for with regards to anti-arrythmias?
Vascular Malformations
* Aneurysm
* Aortic dissection
117
What does amiodarone do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?
* Blocks K channels and is used for VENTRICULAR Dysrhythmias
118
What does verapamil do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?
* Blocks Calcium channels
* Reduces muscle contraction
* Reduces electrical conduction
119
What are the side effects of anti-arrhythmic drugs?
Parasympathetic response
120
What are examples of beta blocker anti-arrythmics
Metoprolol
121
What are your calcium channel blockers?
Verapamil
| Diltiazem
122
What is angina?
Decreased O2 to the heart muscle which causes pain
123
What drugs are used as antianginal?
Nitrates
124
What do nitrates do?
Direct relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessels
125
What do nitrates treat?
Angina pectoris
126
What's a side effect of nitrates?
Right sided heart failure
127
NEVER give a nitrate if BP is below...
100 systolic
128
What should you do if there is no improvement in 5-15 min
call 911
129
How many steps to treating hypertension?
4
130
Step 1 for hypertension treatment
lifestyle changes
131
Step 2 for hypertension treatment
Diuretics
132
Step 3 for hypertension treatment
Increase dose or combine drugs
| * Diuretics with ACE-I
133
Step 4 for hypertension treatment
? Fuck this TG
134
What are the classes for antihypertensives?
A-B -C -D
* ACE Inhibitors
* Beta blockers
* Calcium channel blockers
* Diuretics
135
What are your side effects for antipsychotics?
Crazy people are real fucking NEAT
* Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Haloperidol)
* Extrapyramidal
* Anticholinergic
* Tardive Dyskinesia
