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Pharmacology > Review Day 1 > Flashcards

Review Day 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main factor that effects the action of drugs?

A

Weight

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2
Q

What are the two types of absorption?

A

Active

Passive

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3
Q

What is the primary organ that metabolises drugs?

A

Liver

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4
Q

What is a build-up of drugs in the blood?

A

Cummulative

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5
Q

Two types of receptors?

A
  • Activation - agonist

* Prevent - antagonist

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6
Q

What is pharmacokinetic?

A
  • “Lips to Tips”

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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7
Q

What is pharmacodynamic?

A

Primary and Secondary Effects

* Actions and effects within the body

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8
Q

What are your two types of dependence?

A
  • Psychological

* Physical

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9
Q

What do sedatives and narcotics do to your CNS?

A

Depress it

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10
Q

What drugs do you use for antianxiety?

A

Benzos and Non-benzos

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11
Q

What physical dependence do benzos cause?

A

Withdrawals within 4-6 weeks

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12
Q

What are your antidepressants?

A

TCA, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI, SNRI/Antagonist

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13
Q

What is the most common benzo used for antianxiety?

A

Diazepam

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14
Q

What are your common non-benzos?

A
  • Buspirone
  • hydroxyzine
  • SSRI
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15
Q

What do SSRI’s do?

A
  • Increase serotonin levels

* They are your primary go to

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16
Q

What are the side effects of SSRI’s?

A
  • N/V
  • Weight gain
  • Sexual Dysfunction
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17
Q

What are the issues with MAOI’s?

A

Interact with everything

  • Food is an issue
  • SSRI combined causes death
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18
Q

What’s a common TCA?

A

amitriptyline

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19
Q

What’s a common SNRI?

A

Venlafaxine

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20
Q

What’s a common SNRI/Antagonist?

A

Trazodone

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21
Q

What is a contraindication for welbutrin?

A

Seizures

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22
Q

What’s a common Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor?

A

Bupropion

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23
Q

What are your SSRI’s?

A
  • Citalopram
  • Fluoxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Paroxetine
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24
Q

What do antipsychotics do?

A
  • Block dopamine in the brain
  • Anticholinergic effect
  • Alpha-adrenergic blockade
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25
Q

What is the goal of psychotherapeutics?

A

Depress CNS

Sedate

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26
Q

What is your go to drug for depression

A

SSRI

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27
Q

What is your most common antianxiety med?

A

Hydroxyzine

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28
Q

Glaucoma is a symptom when what is affected?

A

Changes in blood pressure

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29
Q

What types of drugs do you use for status epilepticus and acts as an anticonvulsant?

A

Benzos

*All the Pams and Lams

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30
Q

What is the goal of antidepressants?

A

Increase serotonin levels

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31
Q

How long does it take for SSRI’s to take affect?

A

4-6 weeks

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32
Q

What is an antiemetic?

A

Drug that treats nausea or vomiting

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33
Q

How does ondansetron reduce nausea?

A

Reduces serotonin

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34
Q

What is your 1st gen drug for antipsychotics?

A

Phenothyzines

* Haloperidol

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35
Q

What is your short term drug for anticonvulsants?

A

Diazepam

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36
Q

What is your long term drug for anticonvulsants?

A

Phenytoin

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37
Q

What’s your heavy hitter drug from antiemetics?

A

Promethazine

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38
Q

What’s your med for antiemetics at sea?

A

Meclizine

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39
Q

What’s your med for antiemetics regarding central vertigo?

A

Benzos

* Diazepam

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40
Q

How do local anesthetics work?

A

Block Ion Channels

* Prevent exchange of Na and K

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41
Q

What is the salicylate drug?

A

Aspirin

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42
Q

Issues with aspirin and NSAIDS

A
  • Gastric upset

* GI bleeding

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43
Q

What is aspirin used for?

A

Profound effect on platelets

  • Decrease risk of MI
  • Prevent and treat clots
  • inflammation
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44
Q

How does Aspirin work?

A

Dilates blood vessels

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45
Q

What are non-salicylates used for?

A

Antipyretic (Fever) and analgesic

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46
Q

What is a non-salicylate?

A

Acetaminophen

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47
Q

What do CNS stimulants do to your appetite?

A

Suppress appetite

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48
Q

What are adverse effects of CNS stimulats?

A

Fight or flight

* Increased CV output

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49
Q

What are your two types of CNS stimulants?

A

Amphetamines and Anorexiants

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50
Q

What are examples of amphetamines?

A
  • anything with meth’ or ‘amine
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51
Q

What are examples of anorexiants?

A

Phentermine

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52
Q

What do anticonvulsants do?

A

Slow down neurons of the brain (Depress CNS)

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53
Q

What type of seizure is an emergency situation

A

Status Epilepticus

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54
Q

What are the side effects of anticonvulsants?

A

Depress CNS = Parasympathetic Responses

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55
Q

Are anticonvulsants recommended for pregnancy?

A

Nope

56
Q

What is the time for a seizure to classify it as generalized status eplileptics?

A

Greater or equal to 5 minutes

57
Q

What is a phenothiazine used as an antiemetic?

A

Promethazine

58
Q

What are your other antiemetics?

A
  • Metoclopramide
  • Ondansetron
  • Meclizine
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Benzos
59
Q

What do anesthetics do?

A

Removes the feeling or sensation

60
Q

What does Ketamine do?

A

Increases HR, BP, and Cardiac Output

* Used as an anesthetic to cause disassociation

61
Q

What are examples of anesthetic drugs?

A
  • Lidocaine

* Ketamine

62
Q

What is a big concern of non-salycilates?

A

Hepatotoxicity

63
Q

What do NSAIDS do?

A

Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2

  • Anti inflammatory
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
64
Q

What are NSAIDS used for besides the obvious

A

Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruations)

65
Q

What are the COX-2 Inhibitor NSAIDS used?

A
  • Meloxicam

* Celecoxib

66
Q

Why would COX-2 inhibitors be used?

A

For long term use due to reduced risk of GI bleeding

67
Q

When should you not give COX-1 inhibitors such as Ibuprofen?

A
  • Peptic ulcers

* GI Bleeds

68
Q

What are examples of NSAIDS?

A
  • ibuprofen
  • Indomethacin
  • Ketorolac
  • Naproxen
  • Celecoxib
  • Meloxicam
69
Q

What is your first line NSAID treatment for Gout

A

Indomethacin

70
Q

What is your NSAID for acute pain?

A

ketorolac

71
Q

So what NSAID do you give for chronic pain?

A

COX-2 Inhibitor

* Meloxicam

72
Q

What is a urinary anesthetic/analgesic?

A

Phenazopyridine

73
Q

What is phenazopyridine used for?

A

Treats pain with UTI’s

74
Q

What is a contraindication for phenazopyridine?

A

Renal issues

75
Q

What do narcotic analgesics do?

A

Bind to opioid receptors

76
Q

What is a major side effect of narcotics?

A
  • Respiratory Depression
77
Q

What are some contraindicatons to narcotics?

A
  • Head injury or increased ICP

* Hypoxia

78
Q

What are examples of narcotics?

A
  • Codeine
  • Fentanyl
  • Morphine
79
Q

What is a narcotic antagonist?

A

More competitive that the narcotic which then binds to the opioid receptors and blocs the effects of the narcotic

80
Q

What are narcotic antagonists used for?

A

Narcotic overdose

81
Q

What are the side effects of Gen 1 antihistamines?

A

Drowsiness

82
Q

What do H1 antihistamines do?

A
  • Reduce swelling and vasodilation
83
Q

What are H1 antihistamines used for?

A
  • basic allergic reactions (itchy, runny nose)

* motion sickness

84
Q

What are H2 antihistamines used for?

A

Peptic Ulcers
Acid refux
* H2’s bind with H2 receptors in the upper GI tract

85
Q

What are the side effects of antihistamines?

A

Anticholinergic

  • hypotension
  • ha
  • Drying effect
86
Q

What are the 1st generation antihistamines?

A
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Promethazine
87
Q

What are the 2nd generation antihistamines?

A
  • Cetirizine
  • Fexofenadine
  • Loratadine
88
Q

What do decongestants do?

A

Stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptors

89
Q

What effect does stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors have on the body specific to decongestants?

A

Vasoconstriction of the vessels in the nose, throat, and paranasal sinuses

90
Q

What are examples of decongestants?

A
  • Oxymetazoline
  • Pseudoephedrine
  • Phenylephrine
91
Q

What are the classes of drugs used for bronchodilation?

A
  • Beta 2 agonist
  • Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Inhale Corticosteroids
92
Q

Where are Beta 2 receptors located?

A

In bronchial smooth muscle

93
Q

So when you add a beta 2 agonist, what does it do to the beta 2 receptors located in the bronchial smooth muscle?

A

Relaxation (dilation) of the bronchioles

94
Q

What are the side effects of beta 2 agonists?

A

Your typical fight or flight symptoms

95
Q

What is a contraindication for beta 2 agonists?

A

cardiac arrythmias

96
Q

What are examples of Beta 2 agonists?

A

Albuterol sulfate

97
Q

What do muscarinic antagonists do?

A

Antagonize acetylcholine which produces bronchodilation

98
Q

What are muscarinic antagonists a type of?

A

Bronchodilator
and
Anticholinergic

99
Q

What are the side effects of anticholinergics?

A
  • Red as a beet
  • Blind as a bat
  • Stuffed as a pipe (urinary retention)
  • Mad as a hatter
  • Hot as a hare (and increased hr)
  • Dry as a bone
100
Q

What are contraindications for muscarinic antagonisits?

A
  • peptic ulcers

* arrhythmias

101
Q

What are examples of muscarinic antagonists?

A

Xanthine

102
Q

What do inhale corticosteroids do?

A

decrease inflammation in the lungs

103
Q

What are inhale corticosteroids used for?

A

chronic management of airway disease (asthma)

104
Q

What are side effects of inhale corticosteroids?

A

Yeast infections in the mouth

105
Q

What are contraindications for inhale corticosteroids?

A

Acute bronchospasm - just not fast enough to be effective

106
Q

Examples of inhale corticosteroids?

A

Fluticasone

107
Q

What is an antitussive?

A

Cough suppressant and anesthetic for stretch receptors

108
Q

What type of cough are antitussives used for?

A

Non-productive
OR
Productive (just for sleep purposes)

109
Q

What are the side effects of codeine?

A

Respiratory depression

110
Q

What are examples of antitussives?

A
  • Codeine
  • Benzonatate
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Diphenhydramine
111
Q

What is an example of expectorant?

A

Guaifenesin

112
Q

What is an arrythmia?

A

Abnormal electric current in the heart

113
Q

What are the actions of anti-arrhythmic drugs?

A
  • Blocks Na or K channels
  • Blocks B receptors (Beta Blockers)
  • Blocks calcium channels (Calcium Channel Blockers)
114
Q

What does lidocaine do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?

A

Depress myocardial excitability

115
Q

What do beta blockers do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?

CLASS 2 Drug - Has 2 “B”s

A

Block stimulation of beta receptors in the heart

  • Heart squeezes less
  • Lower heart rate
116
Q

What are beta blockers used for with regards to anti-arrythmias?

A

Vascular Malformations

  • Aneurysm
  • Aortic dissection
117
Q

What does amiodarone do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?

A
  • Blocks K channels and is used for VENTRICULAR Dysrhythmias
118
Q

What does verapamil do as an anti-arrhythmic drug?

A
  • Blocks Calcium channels
  • Reduces muscle contraction
  • Reduces electrical conduction
119
Q

What are the side effects of anti-arrhythmic drugs?

A

Parasympathetic response

120
Q

What are examples of beta blocker anti-arrythmics

A

Metoprolol

121
Q

What are your calcium channel blockers?

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

122
Q

What is angina?

A

Decreased O2 to the heart muscle which causes pain

123
Q

What drugs are used as antianginal?

A

Nitrates

124
Q

What do nitrates do?

A

Direct relaxation of smooth muscles of blood vessels

125
Q

What do nitrates treat?

A

Angina pectoris

126
Q

What’s a side effect of nitrates?

A

Right sided heart failure

127
Q

NEVER give a nitrate if BP is below…

A

100 systolic

128
Q

What should you do if there is no improvement in 5-15 min

A

call 911

129
Q

How many steps to treating hypertension?

A

4

130
Q

Step 1 for hypertension treatment

A

lifestyle changes

131
Q

Step 2 for hypertension treatment

A

Diuretics

132
Q

Step 3 for hypertension treatment

A

Increase dose or combine drugs

* Diuretics with ACE-I

133
Q

Step 4 for hypertension treatment

A

? Fuck this TG

134
Q

What are the classes for antihypertensives?

A

A-B -C -D

  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Diuretics
135
Q

What are your side effects for antipsychotics?

A

Crazy people are real fucking NEAT

  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Haloperidol)
  • Extrapyramidal
  • Anticholinergic
  • Tardive Dyskinesia

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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